Unfortunately, we cannot currently track local rankings in India. Right now, we're only covering the US, Canada, UK, and Australia. Sorry. 
As the others mentioned, we can, however, track general, non-localized rankings for India.
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Unfortunately, we cannot currently track local rankings in India. Right now, we're only covering the US, Canada, UK, and Australia. Sorry. 
As the others mentioned, we can, however, track general, non-localized rankings for India.
You can use Facebook graph search to show if there's any interest in your keywords. There aren't many great how-to articles, especially since FB recently changed a bunch of things. However, I ran across this tumblr of actual FB graph searches, which while clearly meant to be tongue-in-cheek / funny, it shows a lot of different types of combinations of searches you can use.
One thing you might consider doing is building some goodwill with people who are searching for that service and those who provide it. When Moz (then SEOmoz) decided to stop doing SEO consulting, we were still ranking really high for it and people thought that's what we did. Instead of just 404, we created our recommended companies page, which gave some goodwill and helped people out.
I once worked for what could be described as a "holding company" that's in the Fortune 500. Because everything they owned was so diverse, they either kept separate branches or the companies/brands separate. Especially if the brand was worth money as a name. It's important to do the research on how valuable the brand itself is because even if you decide to have one company to rule them all, you need to figure out how to transition customers.
Everyone has great suggestions!
It's also important to look at how that publication does links and make sure that you aren't pushing them to do something they won't do for anyone. Recently, I was working with a publication that was happy to link to how-to or further information articles, but did not want to link directly to any brand mentions.
Canonicals on every page is definitely the best practice.
As to the Moz mystery, probably whomever wrote the specs for that page forgot to include canonical tags. Even our SEO is far from perfect. 
Yes, you can do this. Usually, sites use some kind of marketing automation software on their site to do this, looking for IP. I haven't done this myself, so I can't speak to all the details. Typically, you'd have bots go to some "neutral" page.
You do need to do some work to keep your numbers, particularly on blog posts. Mike King did a great how-to post a couple years back.
Hi! So I reached out to some of our content people at Moz, and sadly, no one here has experience with Captora or was familiar with them or their work. I would say that any service which says that they'll auto-generate content for you is suspicious. Good, quality content takes time, thought, and crafting.
When Moz stopped doing consulting, we put together a list of recommended companies in order to drive that traffic there and then to great consulting companies. This allowed for context for the visitor -- compared to direct redirection where a visitor might think they stumbled into some weird click scam -- and for us to give a link and specific information.
So I want to suggest checking out the webinar we had yesterday on speeding up your website.
I also wanted to address your comment about your crawlers and localized rankings possibly messing up your rankings. This is not the case. The crawler that looks at your site in Moz Analytics is different from our rankings crawlers. They do not connect. They do not influence rankings as the bots only record the information in the SERPs based on your keywords; they don't click into your site. Does that make sense?
They should be roughly equal, unless one has a drastically higher domain authority and amount of backlinks.
I'd go in and change the structure in WP and then 301 the old URLs with the redirect. Then your new posts going forward will only have the cleaned up URL structure and the old ones will be properly 301'd for all the SEO goodness.
Everyone's 301 redirect suggestions are correct. However, exact match domains may not be worth grabbing all of them for SEO. There's been lessening returns.
While I can't speak for HubSpot and their tools, you could use 301 redirects. Since behind a user login, you'll be an https site, you could 301 redirect the http URLs to the new Hubspot marketing site.
No, because search engines look for the last time that page file has been updated, not any recorded dates. I find it's pretty helpful, especially on blogs, to leave the date for users so they can evaluate if the information is relevant or the context of when you posted it.
I do think it's worth exploring other plug-ins and working in the nuts-and-bolts of site speed. Even though WP plug-ins are very helpful, it's always good to know the details of what's happening as much as possible. I'm not exactly sure how W3TC works -- I've never used it or any other site speed plug-ins personally for WP -- but it's possible it can't optimize everything or that it's working the best it or any plug-in can.
Looking at your site, I noticed a couple things:
Your site speed is pretty slow. You can use pingdom.com to check your site speed. This is a great study by Jon Colman about site speed and how much it actually affects your site. I noticed that you're running WordPress, and here's some tips on how to speed up your WP site. Google definitely factors in speed, and this could be affecting how the bots reach your site (or don't reach it) and account for the flux week-to-week. You are correct in that it shouldn't be that dramatic of a change week-to-week.
I also noticed that your homepage was a little overly optimized for keywords. As search engines start getting more semantic, you want to optimize more for the user. Definitely don't kill all the keywords, but balance is the key. Read through the copy as a visitor, not just the SEO and industry expert. 
Will you not be using the site's homepage to direct people to all the different languages that the site will be or has been translated to?
It would be great if you could leave your site URL and some examples of what you're looking to rank for so we could dig in.
Did you do any recent changes to your site that may account for ranking changes?