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I think word stream offers those volumes.

From a UX perspective, having an interstitial like that can turn off many visitors, especially if it's coming off a search result. They're expecting to get to an article about whatever they just searched, and instead they see a thought of the day plus an ad. While it generates revenue for the domain, it can have a longer term effect of diminishing return or regular visitors.

There was a great article here a couple years ago, identifying customer satisfaction as a primary SEO factor. http://moz.com/blog/seo-satisfaction

Yahoo went secure recently which means the referrer data will be skewed.

Read more:

http://searchengineland.com/yahoo-search-goes-secure-182343

This is not an extensive list but here are a couple.

http://moz.com/blog/perfecting-onpage-optimization-for-ecommerce-websites

http://searchengineland.com/best-practices-in-e-commerce-seo-176921

Awesome Moz article with lots of details on keyword research.

http://moz.com/blog/keywords-to-concepts

Set up WBT and Bing web tools. This will tell you whats happening from the malware side of things.

You can use schema (http://schema.org/), html tags to try and get some rich snippets. There really is no guarantee as to what will actually work as Google treats each industry with a different set of rules. What you're referring to is definitely mostly an Adwords thing, except for stuff like your address that can be pulled for your google local page and listed under a SERP for your business name.

Hope that helps

From my knowledge of links the following stuff has nothing to do with the the URL what so ever. It's a CSS class.

Because it is a local branded result you can try to contact the Google local business team, https://support.google.com/places/answer/173102?hl=en&ref_topic=1656742# and ask them to fix it. We had a problem where an employee face, instead of our company logo was showing up, which we're still working on getting removed.

There has to be a way to integrate authorship  and having content on your site first that would identify their content as "stolen". http://www.google.com/insidesearch/features/authorship/index.html

Yes use open graph tags, which is meta data just like a title tag or meta tag for a site

Read more here.

http://davidwalsh.name/facebook-meta-tags

Depends. In their case it makes sense because they have too many links to have a typical drop down. Here's more content to read from Distilled which explains the dos and donts

https://www.distilled.net/blog/seo/site-navigation-for-seo/

The only real reason I would avoid setting it up in a clients account is to protect myself from antsy clients that like to tweak stuff without knowing what they're doing.

When we set accounts up for clients we use their acounts and manage everything from our MCC, but there might be something we're missing in the sense of reasons to not use an MCC.