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Show them high-ranking content for the KW's and I can almost guarantee that it doesn't follow the criteria that your client is suggesting.

The rumor I heard was that Roger couldn't give hugs until his chiropractor fixed his backlinks.

Faster load time and a potentially better ux (specifically on mobile) caused by switching to div's is definitely a plus. The content sounds like it will remain the same, so I would not expect to see much or any organic fluctuations. IMHO, I would do it sooner than later.

Make sure you 301 redirect as many pages as possible (if not all) to the proper landing page (see Moz's redirect tutorial). In most cases this will pass the majority of link juice (over 90%). Once launched, do a site:domain.com and click on each page to make sure it was redirected correctly. Also, monitor your webmaster tools for any alerts.

We still get relevant traffic and good leads from some directories.  However, we only use reputable directories in certain niches (industrial directories).  General rule of thumb, if it's difficult to get in a directory, it's probably a good place to be.

Yes, 410's will typically get out of index faster and I recommend serving an error page w/search so that the visitor knows that the site is still around.

There are many tools that do this. However, I would suggest staying away from them. Spend that money on create valuable content for the users. There will be a better long-term roi and the risk of getting a algorithmic or manual action taken against your site is greatly minimized. Good luck!

Yes, the content is indexed (specifically if the spider can read the text--ie not embedded text inside an image). However, they are not optimal for a variety of reasons. Alex Fusman had a blog post on this a few years ago where he summarized optimizing pdf's for search. Here is his checklist:

Checklist for PDF Optimization:

• Search-friendly filenames
• Keyword-optimized titles
• Informative, concise descriptions
• Company name in "Author" field
• Use several relevant keywords in "Keyword" field
• Make sure to fill out all available fields - there is an option to view "Additional Metadata" (in Adobe Acrobat)
• Add tags to and accessibility options to your document
• Don't forget about Alt tags for images
• Add links back to relevant pages on the main website
• Write-protect the document
• Offer HTML version of the document

Google doesn't always recognize original source consistently or accurately. However, they are getting better at spotting this. In this case, the scraped content may have been indexed sooner or another factor. First step is to attempt to contact the site owner. Most likely, this will not work. If it doesn't, file a DMCA. Also, implement a self-referral canonical tag and some internal links in the copy. Good luck!

No, http/https doesn't heavily matter in the serps (https is a bit slower, so the answer is actually a bit). However, it may have to do w/the implementation of the ssl.

Great post on it from Franz: http://moz.com/ugc/seo-for-https-with-s-like-secure

"Do you work on a big company site where everything is within the secure protocol? If so, these are what you have to  keep in mind for your onsite optimization:

1. If done right, an https site can rank as well as an http site.
2. Keep all your certificates valid, all the time, 24/7/365.
3. Https sites are more work for the servers, so there is the possibility of a slower download. Keep your site and the certificate on a high performance host. If it takes too long to download a site Googlebot might go bye bye.
4. The https-site and the http-site are two completely different sites; it’s a little bit like having a www version of the site and a non-www version. Make sure you have 301 redirects from the http URLs to the https ones.
5. The robots.txt is only valid if placed within the same protocol as the site. Place it within the https protocol.
6. The same goes for the sitemap.xml, Google verification file, and the other stuff.

Additionally: Keep all your files (images, iframes, etc) within the https protocol. There still is a nasty pop-up in Internet Explorer (6, maybe 7 too) if done otherwise. "

It comes down to having data demonstrating the value and properly communicating this with the client. Without good data, it's difficult to show the value. Even if you had this data, communicating this value can be difficult because acquisition costs can easily exceeds CLV in the short term (as CLV will hopefully grow). Once there is a tipping point (where CLV exceeds acquisition costs) it's much easier to show value. So clients may see a short-term loss and attempts to minimize their exposure by capping their ppc budget.

Yes, stick with folders. It's much simpler and much better organization (states correct as Atlanta a city).

Umar has a great list. I still use Microsoft Movie Maker. It doesn't have many tools/effects some of the competitors have, but easy to use.

For filming we use a Canon Rebel SLR camera and we get decent results. Here some tips. We also use Fiverr to create some custom intro's.

Traffic Sources => Overview => Hourly (inside the line graph)

Yes it is. Like Marc said, try to create unique content by rewriting it. Also, Matt Cutts just covered how a little duplicate content will not hurt (take a look). Also use the rel=canonical tag if appropriate.

Yes, it's good to only have one H1 tag. However, will you get penalized for having more than one? No, just use them sparingly (according to Matt Cutts here).

You can file a DMCA complaint and do a removal request to Google. However, the best remedy I found is to contact them and letting them know and asking them to take it down before some repercussion. Good luck!

It matters. I typically try to keep meta title around 60 characters so they are not truncated. If important keyword aren't prominant, there is a good chance they would be cutoff. Also, focus on each page having unique title and prioritize those keywords. MOZ has a great guide. Good luck!

Have you looked into ahrefs? I know a ton of horsepower behind it, but don't know if it can handle checking 20m. Good luck!

Yikes! If there are 7.4 billion people on earth that is over 24 urls and 169 links per person. Bit scary...