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The main intent with the footer link is to try acquire additional clients, so just having it in a blog post can potentially cost you business.  However, you do have to worry about over-optimizing yourself due to all the links with exact match anchor text.  There was actually a different blog post about this recently:

http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2239260/Using-Footer-Links-to-Diversify-Your-Backlink-Profile

In the article it suggested creating a page on your website specifically about this project.  This ensures that you link to a relevant page, in Google's eyes, as well as a relevant page for anyone that is interested in your services.  The blog also suggests no-following all of the links minus the one on the home page.  That way you still get a decent amount of link juice, but don't have to worry about a site-wide link.

I'd break down your footer link by taxonomies.  Motorcycles: parts, tires, etc. ATV's: parts, tires, etc.  Right now it's not really user friendly, and doesn't provide a lot of value.

Your results can change based on the Google data center that is utilized.  Perhaps your mobile devices utilize a different one than your computers?

Home page has more links, better content, and uses the keyword in both the title and body.  A good fix would be to link out from your home page with the exact keyword to your landing page.

SEOMoz will find which page ranks for the term you are tracking, and you will be able to compare that.  So, yes, it will track your competitor's page.

As long as you stuck to just "Brand" or "Brand +Keyword" occasionally you would be fine.

What manufacturer?  Each of them have restrictions on what you are allowed to do on websites.

They just need a Gmail.

Just add the domain, and not the individual page.

You do have two products on that page that are listed as "Motorcycle Tires." Bridgestone TW301 Front Motorcycle Tire.  I'd improve your internal linking to include more links that say "motorcycle tires" to the correct page, and "Dirt Bike Tires" to the other page.

Badges aren't a great technique for link building anymore, and I'd suggest not using them.  If you do, though, make sure to utilize branding, and not any sort of keyword rich link.

Latent dirichlet allocation is the newest school of thought on content: http://www.seomoz.org/blog/lda-and-googles-rankings-well-correlated

Essentially focusing on contextual clues to reinforce the idea of what a page is really about.

Writing about Jaguar the animal, talk about fur.  Writing about Jaguar the car, mention spark plugs.

Here's a followup article to SEOMoz's that's quite informative: http://www.seangolliher.com/2010/seo/185/

It get's into the actual math of the data.

This would be the right approach.

I'd follow it up by following this guideline: http://www.seomoz.org/blog/hosting-and-embedding-for-video-seo

For Vimeo Pro it suggests switching it to the old embed format.  Then create a video sitemap, and use proper microdata markup to try get a rich snippet in the serps.

I've seen different link builders suggest to build a link our two to your resources in order to get them found quicker by Google, and everyone else.  These programs work by spidering the internet, and links are the fastest way to do that.

Is there going to be any text on the home page at all?  If so, carefully consider your wording on that page, and try to incorporate at least one keyword anywhere.  Besides that it's going to be all about links.  I'd highly suggest creating a blog, and using that as a way to reach out to universities and such.

Find an article on an educational website that is out of date, or incomplete, and write an updated more complete version.  Then contact that university to link over to your article as a resource for further reading.

Are the videos self hosted?  Hosted elsewhere?  Is there anything else on those pages besides the videos?

I agree with William.  Offsite is the single most powerful aspect of your SEO, but it is just one part, and shouldn't be your sole focus.

I would prioritize like this initially:

1. Optimize current pages

2. Fix errors (404's, etc)

Then cycle through these:

3. Write New Content

4. Internal Link Building

5. External Link Building

So, you do the initial set up of your website, then go through the process of creating content, and building links.  How you do the second part is really up to you.

• You could write the content first, and then try find links.

or

• You could find content that needs to be wrote, write it, then contact those people with insufficient information to link to you.

Either way the content is the medium you need in order to be most efficient at link building.

Do you mean URL wise, or content wise?

Google isn't going to penalize you for offering a relevant page to your customers.  Just don't overdo it with your content.  i.e. don't do this:

Company X has tons of Widgets for sale!  In fact, we have the best price on our widgets for sale, and will beat any other company with widgets for sale!

For example, if you are a Jaguar car dealership you are going to have to reiterate that you are actually selling Jaguars, and not just talking about them.  So, you will need to additional contextual clues of phrases like "for sale" and "to purchase."  Otherwise you might just appear as an informational site, and not an e-commerce site.

They already lost their Google API.  I actually looked today to get an update, but couldn't find anything.  My guess is that they'll just not offer the search volume in their tools, and things will move on.  The only real place you'll see that is in the keyword difficulty tool.

Can you search for the products on the home page?

How much filtering would it take to find the product I'm looking for?

During a presentation at Pubcon, several experts said that the 2-3 clicks or less rule isn't true, and that you can get people to click more as long as the experience was beneficial and enjoyable.

Terrible example: I took over a website that forced you to fill out a search box before you were ever able to see the inventory.  To make matters worse, you actually had to fill one of the boxes before you could move ahead.  It was terrible for people just trying to browse my products.

However, being able to filter my searches when clothes shopping online is a life saver.  I'm a bigger guy, and don't like several colors.  So, I'm able to filter by size, style, color, etc. to be able to find what I want.  Each of those is a click.  I'd say the same thing about computer hardware.

The only real way to tell is by testing the website.  There are a few different programs out there where you can tell people the end result you want, and they have to try navigate the website.  You'll get a recording of their screen, as well as them speaking about the process.  These people are brutally honest, so try not to take offense ever.