Ok, so you can absolutely re-market to people whom have visited your website in the past by using the re-marketing element of adwords etc, this will allow you to position ads to them in other locations around the web and in the searches.
I would suggest reading more about is here on Google Support.
You will be able to segment the data by how the users have interacted with your website. E.g. those who look to have been engaged before may be a great target in the future or to re-engage with. Or if you want to target users whom have visited a specific page with a promotion.
As for if you can use a users browser history to target, this is not possible as far as I am aware, but you could look to segment your users by Traffic Source which is passed across, so if you can see lots of your users are coming from a particular site on a regular basis you could create a remarking campaign to target these users once they have been to your site.