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This is normal behavior for a Wordpress blog. If you feel there are a lot of these pages being indexed and they don't provide much value, you can noindex using plugins such as Yoast.

PA & DA are tied closely to inbound links. It could be that the site lost incoming links, or the sites that were linking to it dropped in PA/DA, leading to the linked site also losing PA/DA.

Having semantic markup doesn't guarantee that Google will display rich snippets in the SERPs, it's up to Google to decide whether rich snippets would be useful or not. If it is showing correctly in the testing tool, then the code is fine, it's just up to Google how to display your content. Schema.org is probably the best semantic markup to go with at this point, and it's supported by all the major search engines.

Sticky posts can help if they contain content that's relevant to the keywords you're targeting. It's just a way to keep content on your homepage in Wordpress, Google will still see the fresh content you are producing.

I think it can be worth it if you can generate them automatically. I don't know of any search engines that use them, but a lot of directories and social sites will pull that information when you submit your site to them.

The 410 error isn't generated until the page is loaded. The code in htaccess will redirect the crawler to the new page before it has a chance to load the old one.

It's just like if you have a page that doesn't exist, that generates a 404 error. By adding a redirect in the htaccess file, you can point crawlers & visitors to a new URL and not generate a 404.

The canonical tag should take care of the duplicate content issue. When you do a site: search of your site on Google are multiple versions of the same content showing up? If not, then the canonicals are doing their job. It could just be the case that SEOMoz's crawler just hasn't re-crawled your site yet (it can take a few weeks).

There must be some kind of logic to your old URLs and your new ones? If you post examples, I can help with the redirect code.

Also, are these pages being linked to from anywhere? If you click on the errors in GWT, it should show you where these pages are being linked from. If the links to these pages no longer exist, they will drop off by themselves eventually.

They would go after the #END wordpress line. You can also install the plugin called "Redirection" which will allow you to put in 301 redirects without mucking about with your .htaccess file.

As long as you are using your real name while commenting and not using spammy anchor text, I don't see how you could get penalized for commenting.

Is there a common pattern to be found in the URLs that are generating the 410 errors? Then it should be possible to 301 redirect those URLs via your .htaccess file. Also, Google is crawling those URLs because links to them exist somewhere. If you can remove the links to the pages, it should stop them from getting crawled.

Do you have any examples? You should be able to see the edit history of the page to see who added the link to your page and in what context.

Is that number of links to a specific page, or total number of links? What is the ratio of anchor text links vs non-anchor text links for the specific page you are trying to rank for? And where are those links coming from?

You can try a canonical tag in the header:

Sounds like it could be over optimization then. Take a look at the backlinks for that page, and see if 60% or more are using your keyword as the anchor text. If you've built any low quality links see if you can remove or disavow them.

Maybe you can remove the middle column and keep it at 2 columns, so it's not as overwhelming?

Getting advertisers isn't that difficult. Look at the people who are paying for ads on adsense or who are advertising on your competitors' sites and offer them a good deal for the amount of traffic you can drive them. The more tech-savvy merchants may also have affiliate accounts set up, where you can just sign up on their site to be an affiliate and make commissions from every sale you make.

The drop in rankings don't seem to correspond to any named Google updates (Panda/Penguin), but Google is constantly tweaking their algorithm and rankings for sites fluctuate all the time.

It's impossible to tell what happened to your site, without knowing more about what happened. Have you purchased or sold links? Have you built tons of low quality links with exact-match anchor text? Did you make any technical changes to your site that may have caused indexation problems? Did you lose any high value links? Etc. There are countless reasons why sites drop in rankings, including just random fluctuations of Google.

The javascript code does not act as a nofollow. It may be causing a problem with OSE's crawler, but it will not have any search impact.

Adsense is bottom-of-the-barrel as far as online advertising is concerned. If you want to see greater ROI, you want to work directly with your advertisers instead of having Google as a middleman.

Seeing as this is a lifestyle site, there are plenty of merchants you could be working with from travel, clothing, food, weightloss, books, etc.

Looks good to me, at least from an SEO perspective.