If your links are absolute and another site scrapes your content, those links are often embedded when they republish it. If you use relative links, those embedded links would not work and you wouldn't get credit for them.
Here is a relevant quote from Rob Ousbey from an SEOMoz post:
"I'd recommend absolute links in post/page/feed content in particular (so that any scraped content maintains the links back to you). For 'navigational' links, there's a variety of reasons why absolute links are still useful, such as making sure link juice flows to the canonical domain (eg: if you have a number of (sub/)domains that resolve to the same content)."