You can control parameter handling in Google Search Console and direct Google explicitly how to treat parameters.
If Google deems a parameter page worthy of being indexed it will index. But if you edit the parameter handling in GSC as mentioned above, they will usually/always follow that.
If you get links to a parameter URL and it canonicalizes to the non-parameter, that link equity should flow just find to the non-param page. Triple check meta robots, robots.txt, canonicalization setting to be sure.