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First off: did you try using the search function there are oodles of similar topics on Moz and you are bound to find something relevant. http://moz.com/community/q/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&query=+subdomain+or+subfolder+for+each+country+&commit=Search In the Google's blog post about language mark up ( http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.co.uk/2011/12/new-markup-for-multilingual-content.html ) they uses sub domains for an example which I would also recommend as you can really target it a bit more where as a sub folder you would have a mix of languages. However you can still use the mark up if you did want to use folders. Hope some of that helps, good luck!

The Google on/off tag is only good for their search appliance, which you use to run internal searches on your own site, and doesn't affect Google's main index.

Essentially - no..... (unless you want to pay someone to do it for you) but if you managed to set everything up according to Wistia's SEO guidelines, you should be fine. I'd normally estimate it'll take 1-2 months for the snippet to show for a medium sized site with reasonable domain authority. For smaller sites, it can take longer and it can appear within a matter of weeks or days for stronger sites.

Both are quite different, so it really depends on what you are after.  I'm actually a big fan of majestiseo (just to confuse things further).  OSE is good for understanding the big picture. However I find that its crawl isn't anywhere deep enough for the stuff I work on - particularly in terms of deep pages on large authority sites.  Example:  links from the bbc are almost the holy grail for some of the projects that I work on, but OSE often misses them. Ahrefs is better, and majestic goes deeper still. The down-side of that is that you get a lot more low quality stuff to sort through. In terms of majestic v ahrefs, ahrefs definitely wins in terms of interface / tools.  I'm an excel guy though, so it is all about the data for me - hence majestic being my "weapon of choice".

anyone?

Recently I used 301s to redirect all my 404 errors on google web master and ended up with visibility zero on google search. I do not recommend 301. Not tested 302 but I think indexing the new link is much better than redirection in any way just to make sure you got juice passed thru.

The server ip address can help with regards to country ranking. I wouldn't say it would be a massive issue as shared hosting from companies such as 1&1 you have a choice of Germany or UK and thats it (half the time not even a choice). If you can have the ip from each country it would help show that you are actually in that country but i wouldn't say Its the be all or end all it's probably more of a tip to optimise it further rather than a must. If you are that worried look at some of the websites that are ranking high for your chosen search terms and look at the IP's to see where they are hosted then you will know what you are up against. Remember a lot of large corporate companies normally won't host in the country they are targeting they will normally have their hosting in either their IT department location or with whoever their managed services company is. (normally where the head office is based)

I've seen other people talk about a dip then a bigger rise. I don't know from personal experience though, as I tend to monitor my traffic and conversions rather than rankings. How is your traffic doing?

I believe the most efficient and easiest idea is to include user-agent detection and it will help visitor server the correct version of the website. This means when a visitor will be on a computer it will detect the user and show the normal website but if the visitor is visiting the website through mobile version it will automatically show the mobile version of the website.

If your brand is been mentioned alot on line it can be good for the following: It can have a positive impact on Auto Suggest if people search for it a lot (Brand+ Term) You can research out to websites who mention your brand and ask them to link back to you with the article, I would track brand mentions with Google alerts. But overall if you have heaps of people just typing your brand term on a bunch of websites it is not going to help your overall link building efforts, you need to do the hard work to reach out to sites to acquire the links. Its all relation ship building.

It will not create duplicate content issues if the 301 redirects are placed technically correctly (so whenever a request from mobile device or googlebot-mobile comes it should redirect to mobile site only). Here is a link to Google blog that talks about most commonly asked queries related to mobile sites: http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2011/02/making-websites-mobile-friendly.html Hope this helps