Welcome to the Q&A Forum

Is your site listed in google wmt? if so is there any messages.

Ask for re-consideration and explain what happened

You may be better off sending that link juice to your own pages rather then to the blogs, seeing that they may not link back to you with a do-follow link.

what would make someone link to your page, the fact that you have a link to them? or that you speak highly of them. why not just do article on the blogs with no links, if you speak highly of them they will more then likly link to you.
PS this would create 1 way links rather than 2 way

Yes that's correct, or even on the same hosting account

Make sure that is a no-index, follow tag so that you get your link juice back

Yes each link text will help you rank for thet lihnk text. but if your page is not optimized for that term it mayy be a waste of effort.
I often send links to my clients sites buy using the brand names of his coompeditors in link text. this brings him  up underneath them on search engines which is better then nothing, but he will never beat them as his page is not optimized for the term.

There is nothing wrong with having duplicate content. It becomes a problem when you have a site that is all or almost all duplicate or thin content.

Having a page that is on every other competitors site will not harm you, you just may not rank for it.

but no indexing can cause lose of link juice as all links pointing to non indexed pages waste there link juice. Using noindex,follow will return most of this, but still there in no need to no-index

You are correct.

If I were a search engine, I would see this as spam. Using html5 and schema.org you can tel the search engine exactly what is what in your site. place the navigation within a

<nav>tag and remove the h3s</nav>

No not al all. If you were trying to rank for the term "this template" it could be argued that you are giving relevance to the destination page at your exspence. But i doubt you are trying to rank for that term.

We all have them, no don't worry, google would have ignored them long ago.

They cause duplicate content problems, I don't think people use them much, and IMO they look tacky.

They have no SEO Value I can think of.

I would not try to remove the bottom level as any sites with lots of links should have
some bad ones. I would be more concerned with unnatural linking patterns, if
you have 90% of your links coming from blog comments, then I think you may have
a problem, but from the sounds of it I would not worry at all. Unless they are
porn sites or the like, even then you would have to have a high level to raise
a flag. I think you may end up doing yourself more damage than good.

do you have any actions against you in WMT?

How did you get 100k likes on Facebook? That's a lot, did you get them legit?

considering links are the same, swaping urls will not work as when google crawls the content it will again rank the content it thinks is best.

I manual way, is to use the ose and filter by 301's then go to each linking page annd see who the link is to.

A bit slow but you will start to get an idea.

they will be linked to by internal links,

There is no penalty for have duplicates of your own content, but having links pouring away link juice is a self imposed penalty.

When I said links I did not mean the urls, I meant incoming links.

Assuming both pages have no links, then swapping the urls will not do anything, as Google like one page more then the other, and it will re-rank then after its next crawl.

But if the older page has incoming links then it may well work.

It depends on when they are crawled, any think from a few hours to a few months, but useally a few weeks

You are wasting a chance to get more text in your website, alt tags aren't worth much but all the same it a chance to get a keyword or relevant text in your site.

It may also be a bad signal to a search engine and they may no longer trust your alt tags when deciding what the image is about

I would need to look at your code.

but why redirect to .html, it does nothing for you, and does not read as well.

my preferred url is with the slash at the end and no extension, I don't like the slash because people rarely write a slash when manually typing your url, causing a redirect to the slash.

to get rid of slash you need something like

RewriteRule (.)/$ $1 [L,R]
or if you must have .html
RewriteRule (.)/$ $1.html [L,R]

Go ahead nad 301, SE see it as a canonical as index,html is not always the default page. make sure you dont have any internal links point t the .html, of you will leak link juice though the 301 un-necessary.

doing a 301 should consolidate you link juice.