I would say use hyphens in the urls.  I've never known there to be a ranking difference and in my opinion it's a best practice to use hyphens over underscores or plus symbols, and for readability for the user I think hyphens make sense. texas-plumbers reads easier than texasplumbers to a user, and for Google I would think it's easier to discern.  Imagine some titles where words could make completely different sentences by separating them at different locations.  http://www.boredpanda.com/worst-domain-names/ as some examples.

I believe it is used to target not necessarily search terms in another language, but users who have an interface in another language.

Aliasing would make the urls a little easier to digest, you also might want to look at .htaccess rewrites to get rid of entire folders that you don't need:

http://www.awarablogs.com/group/index.php/easyblog/entry/employee-engagement-is-a-key-driver-of-modernization-and-innovation-

In this example I would be getting rid of index.php, easyblog, and entry since group is what you are using for your blog.  There are many reasons to get away from this platform, I took a brief look and besides the folder structure each blog has 3 h1 tags, the logo, awaragroup - blog, and then the post title.  As Andy suggested, Wordpress is great for blogs and is free, and might even be easier to use than your current system, so long term I would look to make the changeover.

As long as the search engine can read all the text, I see no issues.  Modern designers put text in multiple tabs or partially hidden until expanded all the time these to create a better user experience.  It is generally only hidden from the user using css and is fully visible in the code.

If the folder is there for no reason, get rid of it.  Rewrite out the entire directory.  Try this:

In the .htaccess add:

Options +FollowSymLinks -MultiViews

Turn mod_rewrite on

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /

RewriteRule ^rosenthal/(.*)$ /$1 [L,NC,R=301]

I don't think it hurts to have it on other pages, but as it really only shows for branded searches at the moment, definitely have it on the homepage.

Definitely a duplication issue as they are 2 different pages.  Pick one way and stick to it, probably remove is the easiest.  I would do redirects first, but set canonical as well as a best practice.  There is a great guide here:

http://www.kodecreations.co.uk/google/remove-trailing-slash-magento-urls-duplicate-content-issue/

It even includes instructions on how to stop Magento from generating urls with trailing slashes.

Conversions > Goals > Overview > Click Source / Medium,

or

Conversions > Multi-Channel Funnels > Assisted Conversions so you can see where each interaction was.

I would say share not only your stories but others from news sites in your niche as well.  Try to become a "Top Contributor" in those groups on LinkedIn and usually your stories will get more attention and interaction.

My feeling based on looking at the titles is that the pages have at least someone different content.  I would think the company was trying to target some area based keywords somewhere on page 2.  Does that page get targeted traffic based on those keywords?  If so I would keep it alive, as a blog post if you wish, as redirecting it would lose that traffic.  If it gets no traffic and is not successfully targeting any long tail keywords then just update the internal links and redirect it to page 1.

If you are going to move it, do it soon. Also compile a list of places where you have already gotten the links and message the site owners to ask them to update their links.  The longer you wait, the more of a pain this will be.  Also, is your other site as sound for on-page optimization as the current one?  If there are issues with title tags or h1 issues or any number of items, then it may not be as successful on the site where you want it to be.

Each firm will have their own strengths and weaknesses.  Some may be better at Design and conversion, others at programming and technical aspects of on page SEO, others may have an advantage in strategy planning or content creation, and others may be better at link building.  Depending on your needs, you may want someone local you can meet with.  If you are a local company then you would want someone who knows the local market and places where you would want to be, but for a national campaign this may not apply.  I would always check the rankings for the company itself and ask for examples of rankings for customers or case studies, testimonials from clients, success stories, etc.

Good luck!

All things in moderation.  Submitting to a few local or niche directories is great, submitting to 200k that have nothing to do with your website or business is bad.  The same with guest blogging, try to keep within your subject matter area and on relevant websites and you will be fine, but getting too many keyword rich links on blogs that aren't even in your niche and you will be penalized.

If you have a relevant category I would redirect them there.  If not, just send them to the homepage.  You don't want to see 404s and neither do the people visiting your site.

There is always a chance of something going wrong.  Just try to have all your ducks in a row.  Make sure your redirects if any are setup and ready to go and make sure everything on the new site is better optimized and more SEO friendly and you should not have any problems.

I would use one website, because it would be easier to market one website instead of 50 websites. Could you imagine managing 50 FB pages and having all of them be original content? I don't think sooo...

Having one website means that you can direct all of your efforts to it instead of spreading yourself too thin.

Text content would be great but it's not an end-all be-all solution.

It might be worth your time to take a look at browseo.net. It's a cool little tool and gives you an idea of how Google sees your website.

My first thoughts are, I would not suggest posting to a.blogspot.com or .wordpress. You want any links that your content builds to be directed to your website, so it's important that you put your best content on your website and not on something else.

I would keep the structured path you have going, especially if you plan on adding more than just one type of dog training.

For example:

• www.mysite.com/dog-training/whistle-training/
• www.mysite.com/dog-training/triball-training/
• www.mysite.com/dog-training/fetch-training/

Okay, it sounds like you have a bunch of smaller brand sites, over one big corporate site if I'm reading this right. Also you don't need to be on social media. Just because it's thrown in your face 24/7 doesn't mean you need to be on it with your business.

I would imagine with the smaller sites you might have some issues with creating content or just have low quality content for those sites in general.

I personally would create one account for the corporate site and not worry about anything for the other sites because of the low quality of content issue.