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Yoast tells you what people search for, i guess noone searches for "Dog of the week". 
If you write for a targeted Keyword, you should do that only one time - otherwise, what should google show in SERPs??

But in your case, Dog of the week is not the targeted keyword. Don't know how people searching for dogs you write about, but that should be the target keyword - maybe for the category - and with the post about the dog of the week should target other things. Maybe "brown labrador retriever puppy"

when it shows redirect, it just says it is redirected. Open the page in webmaster tools will tell you how (301/302/...) and where it is directed to. So fetch that url.

So if you fetch the index.html, it is redirected 301 to www.xyz.co.uk - so you need to fetch this by just click on "fetch as google" with no input in the textbox.

I never took a look at the difference, it is fact, that it is great when you have the searched words in your url structure. I often saw, that there is no need to have the correct sequence. I think it could be a bit better if you have the sequence the user is searchin for, but I would bet that changing the url structure in several cases would cost a lot of time. The benefit couldn't be that great, that I would start to do that. I never tested it, but I also don't focus that much on one search querie sequence...

What I realized last years, EMDs still have a lot of power. But when my clients changed to a branded Domain, the loss was not that big, as I expected. Mostly 3 month after changing the rankings where back. But thats just what I saw in europe in 4 or 5 cases..

Hi Stacey, I have a lot of Wordpress Sites and there is not "the one solution" 4all, but in general I use categories (dont matter how many for a post, it wont exist more than one time).

I use Tags, but with the YOAST Plugin I make them noindex, and (because it wouldn't be usefull for noindex pages) they aren't in a sitemap.
Just kick them out of a sitemap wouldn't bring that much affect, when the post links to the tags.

There are possibilities to use both and don't change anything. Depends on how many posts you have per tag, if you display 100% of the post in a tag or only a few sentences, maybe a complete other description. Thatswhy there is no "one solution 4 all" but that one is a good solution in many (i guess most) cases.

Hope that helps

long time ago I saw that on a client website - as german we could block bingbot in robots.txt with no risk to loose traffic.
I don't know why but the server was highly stressed by bing bot. 
So yes I saw something like that - a little bit more than a year ago - but I wasn't interested in the "why?" - I just blocked the bot.

2 things nobody said:

1st
Robots.txt says disallow to image and Theme (where i guess css and js is included)

2nd
WebOfTrust warning to not enter the site because of not trustworthy

If you do SEO for germany and want to rank in bing - buy an EMD thats enaugh. Sound scarry but it works. But in germany you can earn 2 clicks in a month on search querries wich are searched in Google thousendtimes a day.

if we take a search query, than we say: google something - noone googles something on bing. to google is now a german word for "search in the internet" and has his place in our dictonary.

But I think the differnce normal couldn't be so big. MoosaHemani must be right - I truly hope bing delivers better SERPs in countries where webmasters and searchers use bing.

i would parse the js later and reduce it as much as possible. try pagespeed i take a bet it will say the same.
[Offtopic SEO but fits to your site: no chance for ASR vs FCB 2day ]

a year ago i had a realated search to "webdesign" with the brand name. So when you searched for Webdesign then you got the brand name in the Searches Related section.
That happend because nearly every site had Webdesign in the title-tag, and the most links to the pages had the title as anchor - so they had webdesign in the anchor text. (The brand name never appeared in suggest when u typed in webdesign) 
When u search for the brand the competitors popping up to. As well as Webdesign. The competitors never moved away, it just poped up more related search querries. So it is not usefull to spent the time on that topic. (possible but not so usefull in that case)
I think that popping competitors are not so bad, if you are the better one But tell that a client..

Local SEO for big companies often is really bad. great answer

In that case I think, I would chose _kawasaki.com/robotics _

To get the citation/trust or however you would call it from your 15 yrs old domain - instead of starting a new one, wich would be the problem in both of your options.

I read about that a few mont ago in a german SEO Blog.

Linguee indexes your content (if you have several languages) and shows an translation example based on your content. They link to you several times. A linguee result looks like that:

http://www.linguee.de/deutsch-englisch/uebersetzung/exzenterschnecke.html

If you have a lot of content in more than one language, you can get a lot of links from linguee. Maybe you can disallow linguee bot to index your pages. I thought google knows that problem, and don't see these links as unnatural

really? I ran some tests maybe 2 years ago - the result was the oppisite (in germany only) the site with dashes got more clicks than the site without.

what should be the problem? The dash (-) is no problem to answer the title of the question.
But you have to do a bit work onpag.

For example the nepal-trekking site has the title Nepal Tours but a heading with Nepal Trekking and the homepage has the title _Trekking In Nepal | Nepal Trekking | Hiking In Nepal _not sweet. And the homepage (on my computer) is very slow.

I guess there are some more little problems - but the titles are confusing for me - so I think google would be confused to

Funny, we made that last few month - but the different way - from a subdomain to a folder. We directed older to newer posts, cleaned the code, speed up, made it responsive and moved it to the folder.

If you want to have great SEO effects with a blog you need it on the sub-folder like RickyShockley said bevore.

In our Agency we have thousands of clients with the same privacy policy (in german we have to have two of them called: impressum & datenschutz) - mosty the same content no penalty.

You can noindex it (some people do that) you can do nothing - there wont be a penalty for that. And privacy polciy sites are not the pages you focus to rank with in a tuff keyword area  
Think thats nearby what pixel by pixel said. But I would say - no penalty for your domain for sure.

A redesign is tricky - a change can effect the rankings, of course it can, caused by several reasons. how much change is it?
Just a new CSS (what could effekt speed and user experience - wich may affect on rankings)  or a complete relaunch with new urls - wich is more much more tricky and much more to do for you.

in my opinion - if you know your clients use that directory, you can use it to.
If your clients dont use it, the link is not usefull for anybody there, you are than starting to get links - just to get links and thats the wrong way.

I dont see the danger of a pengiun with that special link, but I see the danger in your mind
Dont build links just to get links...