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I won't say it's within the borders for duplicate content. 150 characters is a very short amount of text relative to the total amount of text and I don't think any search engine would take that as a bad sign. According to me; you don't have to worry - as long as it stays under 150 characters. 
I would be intrested to hear what others have to say about this though, someone might have a different opinion?
Dmoz.org is shutting down, atleast what I've heard. If shutting down means closing the site and delete all links or just close the submission-form, I don't know.
To answer your question: It's really hard to get accepted to Dmoz, this is because the huge amount of links that are submitted for moderation by an administrator. You're a lucky man if you get one accepted nowadays.
I'll throw you some tips:
Hope it helps
Both yes and no.
Yes, it's a linking strategy. PA 48 and dofollow-links. Nothing wrong with it.
No, I wouldn't build links in that way. That notebook you linked to seemed to have bad structure and it was written spammy all over it.
It would be intresting to see what other thoughts you mozzers have about this. I'm splitted in two.
95% of all my sites is swedish sites located in sweden and I can say that every time Google crawls any of my sites, it's from an IP in either Mountain Dew, Washington or Palo Alto. I've never seen Google crawling from any other country. In other words; When it comes to crawling swedish sites, Google uses US IP-addresses. I can't speak for any other country on this question though.
I'm also wondering what they are up to. I don't use PR as a rank in any way today, this because I find it worthless in the lack of updates. If Google is starting to update more frequently, then it's starting to get useful. Maybe this is what's happening? If were lucky, they'll update in a month - again.
Ryan, your absolutely right about the .xml-sitemap. The important is of course that the sitemap is reported to the search engines and therefore it's not mandatory to place it in the footer. (Should have thought of that...sorry) 
What does the statistics says about clicks on the links in the footer? Does users actually find the footer useful?
If there are some links in the footers that might be popular to the users, then keep them and erase the others. If you have 100+ links on your page, that's really bad. Keep the amount of links to a minimum and try to "listen" to the users by only having useful links in the footer. If you're using e.g. Analytics, it might be easy to check these stats.
Report these stats for me and I'll give you a quick analysis about which links to keep and which to get rid of.
Another follow-up question; Does your page has a link to a xml-sitemap AND a html-sitemap? If not, get it for best optimization
The HTML5+ will in some years (maybe 5-6 yrs) only support
and similiar tags. You can read more about this at http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp
Are you using a self-hosted server or a web host? It might be a difference in the settings when doing the requested task that you ask for.
I must say that you absolutely should use
instead of
Oh, if you're PA is 47 on the youtube-profile - it's should really have been indexed, especially if you've had the profile up for 2-3 months.
Sorry Ronan, I confused you with Dave because you have the same avatar/profile picture. Please ignore my inrelevant answer.
If your server is using PHP, I think http://enarion.net/tools/phpsitemapng/crawler/ is a great tool/software to make sitemaps.
Does this appeal to you?
Yes, I've used OSE for checking backlinks. The link from Youtube has no WWW, this is because my site doesn't use WWW by standard. By using WWW in the link, I would loose link juice.
What's the PA on your Youtube-profile page?
I actually think that's the problem. Since lower and upper case is recognized as two different directories, this could actually be an issue. Fix it - that's my recommendation!
This might be a kind of basic question to ask but... have you any backlinks to your profile on YouTube? My Youtube profile has PA (page authortiy) 55 with 3 backlinks.
What does the SEOmoz-bar says? What's the data (page authortiy) for your youtubepage? You should really (!) have in indexed in Opensiteexplorer if you've had any backlinks in the recent ~40 days. The only way I can think of to speed this up is to actually build more backlinks but pinging won't help.
I would prefer 301 before canonical. This is because you don't loose as much link juice/pagerank when using 301 as you are when using canonical. In this scenario, it's best to act like Matt Cutts says in the attached video.
Take a look at the vid' and please don't hesitate to ask further questions to me
I saw that the Google Pagerank was updated (again!) yesterday, maybe it's a connection? I don't really know if the DA has a connection with PR but if it has - maybe that's the answer.
Ryan, I'm pretty sure that juli 25th was the last time all data was updated (as you say). Therefore I think Dave's question is eligible.