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I can't see this because just within minutes i push mine content to social networks - G+, Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn.

1. Look perfect. But i'm not sure that you can index in site X pages about site Y even in hreflang. You need to make test on some site. Please note - there is cross site canonical tag and this is ok. There is cross site alternate hreflang and this is ok. But i don't know about sitemap with links to other sites even in hreflang. You need to verify this in SearchConsole - upload sitemap and see for some warnings or errors there. Also don't forget that setup hreflang in HTML code too -> https://sites.google.com/site/webmasterhelpforum/en/faq-internationalisation#q16 https://moz.com/learn/seo/hreflang-tag https://moz.com/blog/hreflang-behaviour-insights

2. Answer of this dependent from "validation" of previous question - can you setup sitemap of site X with links to site Y. IMHO you can't. So you must put sitemap about int.com to int.com site and usa.com on same site. Like your example and this is for usa.com site:
<url><loc>https://www.websiteUSA.com/</loc></url>

3. Yes, should be.
"Hreflang tags may not help you increase traffic; instead, the goal of using them is to serve the right content to the right users. They help search engines swap the correct version of the page into the SERP based on a user's location and language preferences. For information on how geotargeting can help with rankings, learn about ccTLDs."
https://moz.com/learn/seo/hreflang-tag

4. Can you show me this? Because your sitemap may miss XSL for showing proper. Or you may return different HTTP content type.

Messing with canonical is dangerous! This daisy chain in rel=canonical can quick eat your crawling budget and/or deindex important pages. You can see Glenn Gabe articles about them:
http://www.hmtweb.com/marketing-blog/dangerous-rel-canonical-problems/
http://www.hmtweb.com/marketing-blog/redirects-duplicate-content-seo/

In reality such incorrect canonicals confuses bot too much.

I will paste link to same answer here: 
https://moz.com/community/q/text-hidden-by-java

So - this text is "less valued" since it's covered with "display: none". It's much better if text is unrolled even if page will become little bit longer.

Seems as related to AJAX crawler escaped fragment.

You should see why bot is trying to crawl normal pages with deprecated method. Please see "incoming links" to this 404 in SearchConsole to see where is root of this problem and fix it.

1. Yes
2. No
3. No

I'm doing same on mine own site but with renaming files. And i found that if i rename file w/o 301 then i suddenly get lot of 404 traffic. When i proper 301 i keep traffic normal. Because i get good positions in Bing images and Google images.

I think that you should check is this real visit or fake one. Check HTTP access logs about such referrer and see in Analytics (or other website analytics software that you used). Also visit URL where backlink should be. Then:

• In case of link to hacked pages - disavow ASAP. Bad guys make backlinks to hacked webpages to get higher position in SERP. But this could change your linking profile. And in some situation you may face Penguin algo filter.
• In case of link to other pages and source look shady - disavow ASAP. This could be even revenge for removed hack. Also can bring Penguin.
• In case of link to non-existing link i.e. bot traffic - leave. This is case when bot make "fake visit" tricking Analytics to count it. And webmasters go to inspect source. This is "curiosity driven visit", but messing your Analytics statistics.
• In case of regular link that is relevant - keep it. Example - i have link from Pakisanian forum about people discussing something like type X vs. type Y. And someone share link from mine site explaining "here is difference between them" in article that is exactly about their discussion.

So until you didn't see original source can be anything. Also please check question and answers here: 
https://moz.com/community/q/is-there-value-in-disavowing-links-if-you-there-is-no-google-penalty 
so disavowing isn't tool that you only use in case of penalty. You can use it even w/o penalty to make link profile clean as possible.

Yes - this was explained here: 
https://blog.twitter.com/2015/hard-decisions-for-a-sustainable-platform

Long story short - they deprecated counts in button. And many services can't get anymore tweet numbers of links. Moz team know about this and as we discussing in Twitter with Rand they working on alternative solutions.

@mods - maybe respost from here: https://moz.com/community/q/doctype-language-declaration-problem-2
I'll drop answer here too just in case you will delete old post.

Yes - iso-8859-15 is very outdated encoding. Validator suggest that you should use UTF-8.I believe that this is also SEMRush issue too.

Fix just wrote this:

and bug will be fixed.

Yes - iso-8859-15 is very outdated encoding. Validator suggest that you should use UTF-8.I believe that this is also SEMRush issue too.

Fix just wrote this:

and bug will be fixed.

No, but you can browse Top 200 or Top 250 users for hour. And you will find many Californians there.

Looking for marketing consulting?
Moz doesn’t provide consulting, but here's a list of recommended companies who do!
https://moz.com/rand/recommended-list-seo-consultants/

As alternative you can browse current user list here: https://moz.com/users and looking for LA guys and their availability.

In theory - yes, but here is how look in practicle:
http://www.stateofdigital.com/google-broken/
Just check examples with "bandwagon" or "carro". I'm not sure how this happen but i can often see similar results since our Bulgarian language is close to Russian. So in bulgarian SERP i can see sometimes russian results. Of course result is relevant, just different country.

I also have site related to Greek language. But this site can be visited from Cyprus and other worldwide locations due keywords. I can attach SearchConsole and Analytics screenshots if you don't believe it.

I'm not sure because Canadian Quebec users for example can see .fr results in their SERP. Same can happen with Latin/South America and .es results. Just because language...

Maybe because content there isn't appear in SERP to generate impressions. You need to check robots.txt, sitemap, hreflang of main site to see how pages in /us/ folder are indexed.

Oh, it's year of 2015 and you still use "timthumb.php"?

https://blog.sucuri.net/2014/06/timthumb-webshot-code-execution-exploit-0-day.html
https://www.binarymoon.co.uk/2014/07/dont-use-timthumb-instead/
https://www.binarymoon.co.uk/2014/09/timthumb-end-life/

Also if i think that lack of alt text for images can be terrible for your page. If you're still looking for modern gallery you can use PhotoSwipe script and he is SEO and semantic friendly.

Yes! There are reasons in this too:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFJZXpnsRsc
http://searchenginewatch.com/sew/news/2309486/matt-cutts-use-the-link-disavow-tool-even-if-your-site-hasnt-been-penalized

"If you are at all worried about someone trying to do negative SEO or it looks
like there's some weird bot that's building up a bunch of links to your site
and you have no idea where it came from, that's the perfect time to use
disavow as well," Cutts said. "I wouldn't worry about going ahead and
disavowing links even if you don't have a message in your webmaster console."

"So if you've done the work to keep an active look on your backlinks and you
see something strange going on, you don't have to wait around," Cutts said.
"Feel free to just go ahead and pre-emptively say, you know what this is a
weird domain, I have nothing to do with it, and no idea what this particular
bot is doing in terms of making links, so go ahead and do disavows even on
a domain level."

So - disavowing w/o Penguin is good defense tactics. Because as webmaster you know what are your good links, regular links in SearchConsole. But you can do audit on some period (one, two or three months) and checking what are new "bad" links from low-quality sites. Then just disavow them to keep linking profile good as possible.

This was explained https://moz.com/blog/spam-score-mozs-new-metric-to-measure-penalization-risk and https://moz.com/blog/understanding-and-applying-mozs-spam-score-metric-whiteboard-friday

Isn't 2/7 but it's 2/17.

1. According Moz pages with "external link in navigation" percent of sites penalized with this flag - without that flag are penalized = 19% vs. 7%. Hmm... with 19% i will be hesitated about this flag! Same numbers are for "large number of external links".
2. Nofollow wont help too much because links are internal and external. And giving external link nofollow in navigation isn't helping. Should you ever have external link in this navigation? What is purpose of this site - low quality site with landing pages full with keywords and EMD? Should this site exist in SERP? Please note - it's end of 2015 and there are new rules for SEO shared in Rand Fishkin presentation: http://www.slideshare.net/randfish/onsite-seo-in-2015-an-elegant-weapon-for-a-more-civilized-marketer So today people are worked for getting higher CTR, avg. visit duration, pages/session even bounce rate. And single external link in navigation can broke statistics/analytics.

If everything is OK on your both sites or network of sites. But that 19% wont give me a good and quality sleep. Who's know how tomorrow algorithms will evaluate sites?

• If your website is is using different ccTLD (.de/.es/.fr) domains - yes you can verify them and set to specific geo-location.
• If your website is using different gTLDS subdomains (de.example.com/es.example.com/fr.example.com) - yes you can verify them and setup to specific geo-location.
• If your website is using different folders with gTLDS (example.com/de;example.com/es;example.com/fr) - yes you can verify them and setup to specific geo-location.
• If your website is using url parameters (example.com/?hl=de;example.com/?hl=es;example.com/?hl=fr) - no you can verify them only once and setup to only one geo-location.

Whatever your structure is - please use hreflang to avoid duplicate content and provide even better experience for users and bots:

• https://moz.com/learn/seo/hreflang-tag
• https://moz.com/blog/hreflang-behaviour-insights
• https://moz.com/blog/open-source-library-tool-check-hreflang

Well - this was asked many times and answer is No. Here are more info about this https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXt23AXlJJU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=keIzr3eWK8I https://www.seroundtable.com/seo-geo-location-server-google-17468.html https://moz.com/community/q/does-the-location-of-my-server-effect-my-seo

But if you are using generic domain (not ccTLD or SearchConsole targeting country) this could be problem - https://builtvisible.com/ip-location-search-results/ They have .com domain and targeting UK market

So - if you have .de domain and in SC you set preferred geo location to Germany and your server is located in France (near Germany) then you shouldn't have to worry about it.