Hi Zach,
Whether it is local or international the process for gaining quality links is the same you need to create great quality content and then you need to make sure that it gains the right exposure. This will bring you the quality links you desire to increase your sites rankings. There are lots of methods for creating decent content, such as product/service reviews, blogs including promoting guest blogging from authorities in your niche, examples of work you have carried out (case studies), content curation (see SEOMoz Blog) and more.
To gain exposure it is important to interact with as many potential customers and also others involved in your niche as possible, this is where social networking comes in. Building up your social following and then interacting and building relationships with authority figures that are related to your niche will allow you to expose them to your content through passing on links through tweets etc. If you have built a good relationship this will cause your social followers to share it to their own network and then you will gain increased exposure which will lead to likes, G+'s, tweets and links from other sites. It is important to make sure you include social bookmarking on your websites to help facilitate this. If you are blogging and you have built relationships with authority figures you can then ask them to create a guest post on your blog - you might need to offer an incentive. They will bring the attention of their followers with them which will lead to more exposure and links - improving the authority of your site.
For local SEO it is so important to network online and identify local influencers as this will bring you business - I have found that social networking allows the online word of mouth about decent local business to happen an a much quicker rate - this is flourishing!
I hope this helps - one suggestion is you look into the link building discussions on here for more ideas.