Hey Andy
Right, the first step is some good honest planning and think about the content you will have on your site. You want to organise the content and decide upon the keywords as you would for any other project and build the structure of your site around that. You may find that tags or categories work better but that is the basics.
Then, you want to install the Yoast Wordpress SEO plugin. This will do most of what you need out the box but you can then decide which taxonomies (types of categories) that you need or more importantly don't need. If this is a single user blog, then you will not need the author pages indexed and likewise, you may not want to index date based archives as they are again just duplicates of the homepage on a single user blog.
I would love to give a more detailed and generic answer but as ever, it really depends on the content but the Yoast tool is a great start. Combine that with the campaign manager here to identify duplication and other issues as you go then you can tweak and refine as you go.
Hope that helps
Marcus

