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There is no better method they do not affect rankings, it is purely personal preference. However you must implement proper redirect rules to resolve http://mysite.com to http://www.mysite.com or vice versa which ever one you choose.

I tend to always go for www. as it just looks better to me.

Google essentially sees those 5 domains as individual sites and will list each as individual sites in results.

Follow the guide bjgomer liks you to, you need to set up your .htaccess file to resolve www and either finishwith a trailing slash or index.html the former usually being the better. You also need to decide first whether you want your site to be http://mysite.com or http://www.mysite.com.

The best practice for places is just to input as much detail as possible. For each 'place' page there is possibility to add images/videos/opening hours and more. Use as much of this available info as possible. You should maybe start with one business location and experiment with what info you can put into it through the place page.

Remember that the main aim of the Google place is for local users to find your business, you want these listings to show up with your [keyword] x [location].

Do you mean Google Places?

Set yourself up with an account from there you can 'edit a data file' and all you have to do is enter the multiple addresses in a spreadsheet and upload. More information on uploading multiple business addresses here http://support.google.com/places/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=107528

have you tried canonicalising the http version?

Using a noindex nofollow rule could end up being worse as you are telling Google not to follow the pages or index them and this will include both http and https.

The best solution is to be consistent and keep it in context, don't start stuffing title and alt attributes with brand terms as you need to realise the real reason for alt and title tags for accessibility. Use alt text to describe the image, you can insert keywords but don't overdo it.

Another good option is to name the images with keywords as long as it is relevant. For example if your image is a size 10 blue shoe then name it in the format:

size-10-blue-shoe.jpg

This will help when it comes to universal results, the amount of times I've seen my images list in search and actually got traffic through it.

A banner ad can be a legitimate link source, it will be an arrangement between the site owners and not done through an ad network. It would just be like you coming to me asking for a link on my site, but instead of anchor text using an image. Not using a no-follow tag is against guidelines, but you could argue it's not a banner ad and a legitimate link.

Link juice is definately not passed through banner ads on ad networks such as adwords/doubleclick or affiliate banners as they bounce over an adserver first.

If the text is exactly the same in each article then yes, Google looks for large chunks of duplicate text. Usually the way to do this would be to rewrite the article for each site.

Once developers have implemented a block go into Google Webmaster Tools and find Crawler Access. You can then test the implementation. Make sure you select 'Google mobilebot' and try and crawl the site.

If the mobile site domain is blocked you should get a message saying it failed.

Have you Blocked the m.domain.com from being indexed? If you are using a true mobile redirection that redirects traffic based on user/browser agents then you don't need the m.domain to list in Google as your normal domain will re-direct to the mobile site.

domain.com/blog is current best practice for hosting a blog to benefit your domain from content freshness and linking. A subdomain will be seen as a seperate site.

There are commerical reasons why you would want an external blog such as for customer service issues or a branding exercise, but if you want the benefits of the links and content a blog will generate host it on your domain root.

I use 'Ultimate SEO' plugin and find it works wonders, has everything there you will need. Frameworks are indeed overrated, as long as you've got a good setup and proper url structure with a good seo plugin then you should be laughing.

What kind of links are they? Do they contain spammy, non-related anchor text? If they are simply old links that don't exist any more or are from sites that have been devalued you should not worry too much about removing them. Google simply devalues the link juice running through them to your site.

It is true many sites have been devalued from Penguin, but it simply means that these sites don't pass any value onto your site - while they also do not harm your site unless they are of a bad or negative nature.

There is no real point in removing links. Links that have been devalued simply don't pass the benefit onto your site. The only real reason you would attempt to remove links is if you have been penalized by Google, but even then I would be dubious at removing links as Google can see that you are able to remove links - hence making it look unnatural.

I've not known this ability to be present in SEOmoz, but I have had experience with other tools and suites and one tool that would be able to do this and check historic rankings is Searchmetrics http://www.searchmetrics.com/en/.