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Download XENU - http://home.snafu.de/tilman/xenulink.html - run a crawl of your site and right click the properties of any page to see all internal links linking to that page.

First, do not 404 them, use a 410 error code instead as that denotes intended permanent deletion. In addition, I would also block the files/folder in robots.txt. Finally, I would use Google Search Console to remove these URLs. Good luck.

My favorite redirect tool is http://www.redirect-checker.org/. I find that is provides lots of little details that other redirect tools don't always provide.

404's are a natural part of websites, Google understands that. As long as you don't have links to pages on your site that are 404'ing you're fine. So basically, just make sure your website is not the source of your 404's.

No problem, don't worry about that. Just try to have the H1 with the main keyword phrase and H2 with the secondary if possible. Someone ask Cutts this question a while back and he said Google understands.

Agreed, I don't see any issue with it, if you have more urls submit them if you can.

It's just advertising, there is no SEO benefit to their links. We tried it recently and discontinued because it was too expensive to justify. Your keywords and performance may be different though.

I would make prominent linking to the new site on that landing page. Then you have a chance of getting two first page rankings for the keyword search since you have one site dedicated to that product and also an established landing page optimized as well.

Please see this discussion to help you out.

http://moz.com/community/q/how-do-i-force-a-crawl

Why did you change all of your keywords not knowing if they were good targets or not. If you changed good traffic keywords for poor keyword which no one is searching for it will affect your traffic if you were ranking for the better targets you previously had. It won't take months it will take weeks for you to see the impact.

you mean how to add the code to your website? This should help you

https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/1211158?hl=en

Sure, you can absolutely create brand pages and from there branch to product pages. A bigger site is more effective and easier to maintain and promote and analyze than multiple small sites.

If you verify your site with Google in Google Places for Business, Google will trust it more since you confirmed it is definitely your site and not some crappy directory site, and it will rank better organically, plus you will rank in local. It's a very important citation to have since Google trusts Google. Tie it into G+ as well and encourage customers to review you on your places page.

don't just think broad vs exact match, also think synonyms and tenses. and don't write for seo write for the user, if it reads weird then don't do it, or make it fit as well as you can like "We operate the best delivery service singapore has to offer."

research your keywords very well to make sure your main targeted and secondary ones are truly the ones people are searching for most. best delivery service singapore seems like too long tail just based on intuition, you may be able to rank well for it, but if no one is searching for it you'll get no traffic

Is the bounce rate on the homepage high? Leave the store page and make the homepage more conversion friendly is my recommendation. I understand them wanting to get the user one click closer, but not really the best solution, try to mimic the store page on the home page a bit a keep track of changes and increases or decreases so you can revert if need be.

FYI look at the links in your left nav here http://www.iboats.com/aboutus.html  and also your global footer, you are nofollowing internal links, this is throwing away precious page juice.

Duplicate content is not a penalty, it's a filter. Deindexing will ensure that they never rank, leave them indexed and they have a chance of ranking, worst case scenario is they don't rank well because of it.

agreed, so you can fix this by simply making the content on your site unique and now your previous content is the one that the current and future franchises should be using.

No it won't pass link equity. It needs to be an actual hyperlink on your site in order to do that, you are fine.

blogger has been overused by spammers and if you want a blog with seo benefit it should really be under a domain folder for your site. Even if your site is not php you can make this happen.