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To make it look good they hired a good designer and spend time and money doing CRO.  You can see in the links below the technologies behind the scenes. However produce a great website is not about the technology it's about knowing the theories about designing a website.  A professional using only Microsoft Pain as tool will do far better than some one with all the tools in the world  that only knows how to use the tool, one can master every single feature of Photoshop for example and still  make poor designs is not about knowing the tools is about knowing design.

http://builtwith.com/?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quicksprout.com%2Fthe-advanced-guide-to-seo%2F

http://builtwith.com/?http%3A%2F%2Fbacklinko.com%2Flink-building

3.  Is there a reason Why can't it just look like this:

Yes, It would generate a lot of duplicates issues, for example your  robots.txt you have the follow line:

Disallow: /catalog/category/view/ -> That's the "real" category URL, you can access any category on magento by /catalog/category/view/id or by the "pretty" URL.
Because you disallow the "real: URL only the pretty URL will be viable for search engines. 

This same rule apply for many other parts of the robots.txt.

If you check your Robots.txt https://www.oakfurnitureking.co.uk/robots.txt You will see the fallow lines:

## Do not crawl seach pages and not-SEO optimized catalog links
Disallow: /catalogsearch/
Disallow: /catalog/product_compare/
Disallow: /catalog/category/view/
Disallow: /catalog/product/view/

Also if you Google  site:https://www.oakfurnitureking.co.uk/catalog/product/view/id/45/s/boston-solid-oak-4-drawer-chest/category/6/

Your site do not show up... So you are GOOD.

Hi,

Depending on your client niche  you can host an event.  Events are an easy way to build a lot of links:

"Why are they easy? So long as you have an interesting event that is put on by a legitimate organization, you’re very likely to get accepted by most event listing sites. Many of the event sites require a simple form consisting of an event title, description, when and where the event takes place, and of course, a URL for more information. And as long as your event is valuable to the people that will attend, the outreach portion can be much easier than other link outreach methods."

Check the full article here: http://moz.com/blog/the-complete-guide-to-link-building-with-local-events

Hi Tim,

I think you should do the migration all at once.

Make sure you 301 every page or at least the most important ones.

This video might help you: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1lVPrYoBkA

Magento is great platform, but if not well implement it became very slow. If you 301 your old pages for a much slower page or a page with very different content you might have problems. As long you make sure you content is aligned and your mageto site is fast you'll be fine.