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You might be running into the 302 error due to the system that your site uses to redirect URLs. What CMS or cart is the site built in? A agree with Nakul, that we need to see the underlying code to diagnose the issue.

Much harder to rank within contained hosting platformss. Google doesn't give as much credit to "sitebuilder" platforms due to it being easier to spam for ranking.

For exmaple: if I am running a roofing company in St Louis, I can quickly and easily create 100 sites on weebly about roofing companys, roof repair, etc. On a real domain and full website, its harder and more time consuming to do that. A "normal" or natural site would not be set up that way. Google knows that legitimate sites put in the extra time and effort in making their sites worth a users time, and ranks them accordingly. Also, you don't want to pass your ranking weight to weebly, best to keep it on your own platform.

That's the short version. Just don't do it, lol.

"Should the 301 redirects map the canonical URL on the old site to the corresponding canonical for the new design . . . or should they map the non canonical database URLs old and new?"

Any URL's that are indexed should be redirected to the correct version. For example if you have both a database URL and a canonical URL both indexed in search results, then they both should be sent to the correct version.

Also, having only canonical URLs in your submitted sitemaps will help to remove a lot of these, even without redirects.

As with most graders, they are only there to point you in the right direction, or to bring to light any areas of improvement. If you want additional resources, try some of these. We handpicked these to help people with SEO, and a lot of them link to articles on MOZ. http://www.webdesignandcompany.com/seo-resources

"Quality over quantity wins"

All day, every day. I agree on using the main blog to grab the attention of users and search engines. The only way I can see the effort being rewarded on setting up additional blogs on the other domains is if they speak about something very specific that doesn't fit into your main blog.

Whatever route you decide to go, make sure you are setting up canonical URLs and the proper SEO structure from the beginning. It's much harder to correct later on down the road.

Make sure they are set to index in your robots.txt file.

Another way you can see how users are getting to your site is by using your Adwords campaign. If you are running a paid campaign, look at any ad group. Then, go to Dimensions>View: Search terms

This isn't the most 100% accurate way, as you are just viewing what terms people used to trigger your ads, but once you see the terms, that can give you a much closer look at how people MAY be getting to your site. Try it out, you might be surprised at how many ways people search for things. If your site is showing up well organically, the search terms should be pretty close to where you are getting impressions and clicks, particularly if your ad and site come up on the same results page.

Do you have access to the root folder of your site? Try adding this into your HTACCESS

#Redirect your Homepage from HTTPS to HTTP

RewriteCond%{HTTPS} on
RewriteRule^$ http://%{HTTP_HOST} [L,R]

If that does not work, try adding this below the Rewritebase line:

RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule (?!^(index.php/?|..css|..js|..gif|..jpe?g|..png|..txt|.*.ico|)$)^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=302,L]

RewriteCond %{HTTPS} on
RewriteRule ^(index.php/?|..css|..js|..gif|..jpe?g|..png|..txt|.*.ico|)$ http://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=302,L,NC]

Sorry denverish, I have been really busy lol

Point number 3 refers to "pinging" your website, to let the search engines know your site has been updated. There are a few spammy ones out there, but I would try using:

http://pingomatic.com/
or
https://pingler.com/

Pinging is a process by which you can inform major Search Engines and RSS direcotries(Google,Bing,Yahoo,Technorati etc) that you have updated content/URL's in your blog/Website. Pinging can also help in getting website changes indexed quickly.

Best advice: Do it right the first time. What does that mean:

1. Having the sitemap.xml file accurate and ready to be submitted. 
2. Not focusing just on Google. Submit your site and links links to all webmasters.
3. Making sure your site is complete, meaning all meta, titles, and urls are all unique and filled out with relevant information. Some of your titles are not specific, such as:
http://www.sbat.com/livescores/ - Page title is Live scores...think of how users will search for your page. A More appropriate title would be "LIve Sports Scores | Live Soccer Scores from Around the World" or something similar.

4. Getting rid of duplicate URL's. If you are using a CMS, then you want to make sure you follow this rule: One url to one page of content. View more on this topic here: http://www.webdesignandcompany.com/5-htaccess-rules-to-avoid-duplicate-content
5. Making sure your images and alt text is properly filled out. For example: Dont label images image123.jpg, name them what you want to rank for, such as stl-cardinals-jersey.jpg or something like that. You never know how users will search for content or answers, so optimize as broad as possible.
6. Submit all pages in webmaster tools using "Fetch as google". This allows you to submit individual and sitewide crawls of your site. Helps in getting pages indexed/reindexed faster
7. Plan ahead. Launch of a website then hoping it will rank well is a fast way to not rank. Think of ways to gain additional validation and backlinks. Press releases can be a great way to do this when you are just starting out.

That should get you started. Hope this helps!

There is a way you can report the offending sites to Google if you can prove your content was created first.

https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/93713?hl=en

If you are using a CMS, check the publish dates of the articles.

Like it has already been stated, do a search for some of the content by doing a search in Google for a section of content, surrounded by quotation marks. This tells Google to search for something exactly as it is entered, and return exact, not relevant results. If you see exact phrases that are duplicated word for word, you could contact either the site owner, or look up who hosts the site in Whois, and contact the hosting provider.

There was a Panda update that happened on September 5th. For reference:

https://www.seroundtable.com/google-panda-update-19126.html

http://www.hmtweb.com/marketing-blog/panda-update-september-5-2014/

So Google's SSL was sold to Google by Google? Makes perfect sense lol. "We will rank you higher if you use an SSL. By the way, have you noticed our lovely selection of SSL's?"

I think it makes sense instantly once you read through your content. Of course if you have the phrase "service centers" all over the page you will get hit by Google. When you read through what you have, the name should be used where it makes the most sense. What wouldn't make sense (to a search engine or user) is stating "Franks Service Centres does this" "Franks Service Centres does that" "Franks Service Centres is awesome" "Franks Service Centres is the best"

Instead, maybe go into details about the services offered at the sevice centers, rather than just stating what it is over and over, talk about what it does.

Even though the 301's are all in place, have you notified Google of the changes? Might be why you are seeing them disappear

1. Sitemap recreation and resubmission
2. Resubmit via Webmaster tools using "fetch as Google"
3. Ping website for new pages

Doubtful that one mention of the work or keyword phrase is having that much of an effect. Ecommerce store frequently have a higher keyword density, and I think Google can tell the difference. We have done work for multiple ecom clients, in which the competition would stuff the living daylights out of the meta and on page and still rank very high. Not saying its a great idea, just noting an observation.

As to your situation, I wouldn't bother with changing it. I would instead look at your on-page keyword density to avoid it getting too high.

Here, use this: http://goo.gl/cdPni2

If no one can access your site except for the home page, that is pretty bad.

As to rankings, look at it from a broad perspective. A user clicks a link in search results. That link goes to a 404. They immediately go back and find someone else's site or link to click on. Another user clicks another link for the same broken site. They get a 404 error and do the same thing. Google bot comes along and sees that the site in question has a very low on-page time, and users frequently leave and go somewhere else. They also see a large quanity of the pages dont work.

If you were Google, would you give that site much weight or credit? Or would you hand it to a site that works? I don't think they openly express that it can hurt you, or that they will hurt your ranking for having 404 errors. IMO they do, it's just not as transparent as the rest of the things they state to do to improve your ranking.

Really technical in here lol.

Just wanted to say I could see why they would do it, but it's kind of silly to run out and grab one. Most server and site security can be locked down from the server side if you have your own root account. My guess is that they partnered with someone who sells ssl certificates, and is now saying this to strengthen that alliance or help them make money. I could see this being worth the time and effort if you took sensitive information, but to dangle a carrot saying "we will rank you higher if you use an ssl on your roofing/plumber/seo/etc" website is just silly.

I'm all for security and protecting people's information, dont get me wrong, but it seems like another attempt to control things.

1. Google likes to see fresh new content, so the fact that you saw an increase in your ranking for a short period is not a huge surprise. Once they crawled all the pages, you saw the realistic position of your pages.

"Is there a way to see Google's past cache dates?"
You could try using this:
http://www.googleguide.com/cached_pages.html

2. We moved down one spot. Doesn't look like it.

I think you are seeing movement due to an error in the sites documents, meaning redirects, sitemaps, etc. Check to make sure all items and old pages have been redirected and resubmitted.

I wouldn't go about restructuring the whole site. Keep in mind page authority is a part of having visits and links coming to that page. Since they are both important pages of the site (terms and privacy) chances are you link to those pages more than any other, thus giving them a higher PA.

You could link off of those pages to other internal pages, or create another menu at the top that points to them. In this situation a 301 is not required, as you wouldn't gain any benefit from redirecting them. For example: redirecting a privacy page to another page you want to rank would most likely have the adverse effect of what you are trying to accomplish since the pages are not relevant to one another.

Google likes simple, keep it simple. You can still add the links at the top without doing any redirects. I would expand where you are at now with new content and pages, rather than get rid of or redirect what is already working for you.

- D