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It would be hard to guarantee that there would be zero negative short term effects from this, but looking at the long term and your goals it seems to be the best answer.

My best answer would be to set it up as discussed above, then make sure you exhaust every possible option Google offers for getting your site recrawled. Fetch as google, total domain resubmission, site map, now robots rules, everything. In my experience, Google doesn't do anything quickly, even when you use all the processes they offer. BUT, you should be back to normal in about 3-4 months, if not in a better position.

The only question I can't answer would be if you would want to do a url removal of the old domain. I don't think I would tho, as that can add a long reindex time to the new site, and is pretty much starting over.

I will have to talk to the technical team lead to see what redirect options are available,  and what would work best

If you do a total domain redirect to the correct sub folder, I don't think you will lose any back linking effort. You will need to set up a htaccess rule that states that any request for the old domain and trailing urls for the old site forwards to the same structure on the new one.

I agree with taking a unique stance, and offering content that other sites aren't. Another thing that may be useful to you is video reviews of products, and press releases. These can allow your content to get picked up by a lot of sources, for wider distribution. Make sure you share things that are actually newsworthy, and don't create a release just for the sake of doing it.

The video review option will provide a good fit for your site, as a large amount of consumers search for reviews of apps and Android devices before they buy. Having rich content and videos will increase on site time, and if it's helpful, can influence uses to do your sharing and marketing for you.

Best of luck with your new site!

I would revisit your on page content, and explore additional backlinks to boost your domain authority.

In addition, you may look at a way to include backlinks to your site, based upon who chooses to use your services. Your competitors have a larger link profile, which I'm sure contributes to their ranking and exposure.

What types of marketing have you already visited?

I'm not sure how this could be done. Even if you succeed in doing it, the page would be very long to read, and potentially get tagged as spam. Why are you wanting to optimize them all on one page? That method doesn't make much sense.

Ah Ok. Sorry I didn't know you already had them setup that way already.

I would recommend going the folder route, and resubmitting the entire site with the "fetch as google" option in webmaster tools. I don't think you would have to create an additional large amount of work, as you would just install the other site files in the folders and create redirects for the other versions

Why not just build one site, and incorporate Google's api for language translation? I don't think I would build 3 separate sites, due to creating more work and possible duplication issues that could affect ranking

1. Does the reconsideration request give a specific reason as to why it repeatedly gets denied?

2. What was the original manual action for?

It really depends what you are trying to accomplish, and there are two ways to look at it.

The first way to view it would be, yes, technically speaking you want the search engine to see what page you are about to send the user to. I would imagine your anchor text matches the URL and keywords used on the page?

Second, depending upon how your site is structured, the audience will react different ways to visiting the links. If you are referencing a subject matter, I would use a more general form of anchor text. EXAMPLE: "You can view the FULL ARTICLE here" The "full article" text being the link to your other page. If it is in the nature of navigation, I would use exact match text to the page URL or title, because its clear to the user what is about to happen. Promoting interaction on your site and increasing on page time by intriguing your users can also have a positive effect on traffic. Remember, build your site around users, not search engines. Use whatever method allows users to navigate your site the easiest.

What was the manual penality for? Before you redirect, is it possible to fix the issue causing the penalty? I think that would clear up any issues with penalty passing, and the redirect worries.

"we have specified the parameters on these URLs as representative URL in Google Webmaster - URL parameters."

How long ago was this done? Since there are so many URL's, it may take a while for them to recrawl and index the representative URL's per your request.

I have a few questions, to help me better understand your question.

First, are you only wanting to have a business page, and not a personal linked to it?
You should be able to edit the exiting profile, rather than set up a whole new one. I would edit what you already have exisiting, revise it to be your personal profile, and then set up an additional business profile under that authorship.

In response to the question:
"Should I then delete the old one or is it helpful to keep double posting?"
I would not double post, or at least not do it in the same places or communities. If you make another profile, you should be able to edit or delete any under that account.