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There isn't one by default. You can create one by uploading it to the root of your directory. So where the wp-config.php file and the rest is located.

I think, as Barry says, you'll see more improvement in what your visitors do on your site, then what Google brings you. Don't mix up cause and effect. I think because your visitors stay longer, Google will see that. And reward you accordingly.

The numbers don't say a lot, it's more the actual load time. You'll see that bounce rates and pages per visit will go up. I manage a website where we managed to cut the bounce rate in half. avg visit time up 40%, pages p/visit up 30%. Our visit rate went up by nearly 80%. So that was remarkable. And guess where the visitors came from: Google.

If you are using Google adwords. you can simply place a Google Adwords conversion code on the thank you page of your order system.

If you want to measure what organic keywords bring you signups, setup goals in google analytics. As in: the url of the thank you page. When you then select for instance: google (organic) as a traffic source, you can set goal set 1 and see what keywords gave you conversions.

I would say, Yes.

In my opinion, but I don't think there has been any concise research about this, a canonical is similar to a 301 redirect. A 301 redirect passes a lot of link juice to the page it is redirecting to, but not all. So I would say yes, this is hurting your SEO because you're not keeping all the juice you could keep when not using the rel = canonical. (or a redirect for that matter)

Ah. Yes. Delete the tag.

It's not giving the right signals if it is saying that the page you are currently on is a copy of the page you are currently on.

It's not meant to be used site wide.

Bing has an interesting article about it.

http://www.bing.com/community/site_blogs/b/webmaster/archive/2011/10/06/managing-redirects-301s-302s-and-canonicals.aspx

Yes. Remove the noindex nofollow for / from the robots.txt. It doesn't add anything. It can only confuse SE's and lose you rankings.

That helps. So you redirected every url to the matching url on the new domain? Good!

That's all you could've done. Now the problem is: the new domain is new, hasn't built up long time value and probably all the links that are pointing to the old domain, haven't been spidered yet to be redirected to your new domain. That's problem one.

Problem two is a bigger one: all your links are now devalued because they are all being redirected to your new domain.

I'd try to find the low hanging fruit and e-mail them to change the link to the new site and preferrably not to the homepage, but to different pages on you site.