If you make a change to a page and later the search result in google reflect that change and your position has changed, you can assume that the change affected your position.
However google continuously re-evaluates ranking.
I have a personal theory:
When you add content or make modifications to a page, I noticed in our case that google has a tendency to rank you a bit higher for a while, I think just to see if people click on the page.
If people react positively by clicking and staying on the page, then google might assume that the page is relevant enough to stay there or higher (and vice versa).