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I'll contact them directly, then. Thank for your help, Jasmine.

Thanks so much, Mihai! I'll investigate into the rel="canonical" tag solution.

We definitely have a comprehensive link list in hand!

Unlike email campaigns and promotions where I can have a customized URL, my question deals with less trackable efforts. It's mainly about content creation and optimizing individual product pages. With these pages, people can do the following things: 1. Order the product directly on the product page 2. Look at the product page, call up sales for more questions, complete the transaction online. 3. Look at the product page, call up sales, and the sales department makes the order for them. 4. Call up sales, sales directs them to the page, customer looks at page and makes the order online. 5. Call up sales, sales directs them to the page, customer continues conversation with sales as customer looks at page, order done either online or directly by sales. 6. Order the product directly on the page, have some kind of complaint afterwards (not usually the case) and then customer service retains the sale. So the optimized page helped generate the sale in some form, but who gets the credit for the sale? Did the page generate enough information and was compelling enough for the customer to call up sales for further information? Would the customer have called up sales anyway if the page was not optimized? Did the customer call up sales because the page not optimized enough? If the optimized page made it an easy sale for the sales department, shouldn't online marketing get some of that credit - and by how much? Where can marketing measure its true monetary progress - at first touch, at last touch, or somewhere else?

I'm specifically looking at http://www.india-defence.com/ (and saw that it's also found by OSE). I thought the same thing you do but we just got a response from Google after we submitted a Reconsideration Request a few weeks ago. I assumed Google updated our backlink profile before sending their response to us today. Ah well, I think it's best to just skip these ones and keep on looking for these assumed unnatural links before sending another Reconsideration Request. Rinse - lather - repeat.