Welcome to the Q&A Forum

If those pages are being created due to those being tag options you should try deleting the tag to see if it stops wordpress from generating the page.

You should make sure from a technical and a user experience perspective that your entire site is optimized while your specific pages are also content optimized for the key words and phrases that you are working toward.

You could, but I would not.  Using the canonical tag is telling the search engine that the pages are the same, such as using it on landing pages that may have additional dynamically generated additions to the URL to make sure that Google knows which is the original page.  For your site, each of your events is a separate thing, and how would you choose which event you made the main?  From an UX standpoint you could be driving people who searched for one event on a specific date to either the wrong date or wrong event all together, this would lead to unhappy visitors and a lower ranking of the page or your site as people pogo-ing from your site increased.

Google does not penalize for duplicate content. https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/66359?hl=en

That being said, these page's won't really be accessible from a search engine because Google will see them all as the same.  For map event pages I personally would have them not indexed and create a series of landing pages with links off to the different event times so that you can get organic traffic looking for those events in general and then funnel them to the signup pages.

You will be fine with redirects, also remember that Google has said that duplicate content is not an issue as long as it is not malicious.

https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/66359?hl=en

I would not risk it unless you are shutting down website B completely, otherwise you can beef up your content on site A or your ability to convert on site B.

I would be very leery about redirecting across domain for just some pages while leaving others, it seems like this practice could easily be viewed as negative by Google.

If you are moving down consistently then it is most likely not all of your competition suddenly started to work for that keyword.  How to fix your site is complex but you should start with looking at the page that was receiving the traffic and check for changes that were made recently, make sure that you are following best practices for your content and technical pieces.  You should also check your back links as recently many people who had used certain link building tactics have seen decreases as Google updates.

They could have the SSL for transactions.  It was very common a few years ago (and many sites still do this) to have a site be http: and then once you start into their transaction funnel (such as a purchase) to switch over to https:

That is pretty odd that you are not getting traffic from Bing and Yahoo, as general SEO work for Google should also effect other search engines.  The first thing you should do is make sure that your site has been submitted to both and they have the location of your sitemap and robots.

Moz will look at your site and pick keywords based on your content.  If you are looking at researching new keywords I like using http://ubersuggest.org/ to get additional keyword suggestions.

Combining them will help your Family Law side.  You can then create distinct landing pages for each type of law the firm practices instead of just having a generic home page for both, that way you can give a better user experience and better target specific keywords which I will assume are pretty different from the two law types.

I see where you are coming from, and I do not have a good answer then, when I did a lowercase redirect I started by creating the new lowercase pages then setting canonical to them.  After a few months I removed the uppercase versions and redirected them to the new lowercase.

Another quick fix would be to use a canonical tag on all of your pages pointing to the full lowercase versions.

So for the URLs example.com/UPPER; example.com/Upper; and example.com/upper you would place the following into the head so Google knows that these are just variations of the same page, and if will point search to the desired page example.com/upper

https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/139066?hl=en

So you are asking on Moz if you should steal content from Moz then not credit them to increase your search ranking, and then your concern is not if what you are doing is wrong (it is) but only if Google will penalize you for it?  I believe that if you want content for your site you should make it or pay for it, not steal it, if you write optimized content then maybe people would expect copy on your site to be written by you.

Yes all of those can negatively effect your ranking.

Unless you have a way of marrying the conversion to a specific visit, then now. If you do have specific information (like dynamically generated phone numbers) you can use the Data import feature.

https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/config/mgmt/v3/mgmtDataImport

You can also solve this by making the account and log in sections not crawled in your robots.txt.

There should be no issue as long as you do everything that you have planned.

If you are filtering out your office I.P. it should be blocking all traffic from that I.P. Make sure that you are looking at your stored data and not your live analytics as sometimes new filters do not immediately register for the live data.