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Thanks for all the input.  Google does seem to crawl everything these days, so I'm also in conclusion if the files fit, they'll get crawled.  Sitemaps, internal links and optimized images are all a must.

What's the maximum amount of html pages that one should put in a folder, to get the best SEO GoggleBot crawl?  I'm aware that there's a limit of 10,000 on most servers, but was curious to know if a lesser amount of pages would be better, for crawling and indexing purposes.  Also curious on peoples opinions on whether .jpg and .gif files should follow similiar rules.

Disavowing the entire domain seems like the safest thing to do, because there may be other links that haven't caught my attention yet.  If Google doesn't require the exact location, then I think this is what I will do.

Do I disavow the entire domain, or just the url where the link exists?

I've been noticing a growing amount of spammy directories using my title Meta-Tag to create a link back to my site.  Since my title uses competitive keywords, these external links on spammy directories look over optimized and I fear an algo penalty might get triggered.  Should I be concerned and what can I do?

Looks like Google doesn't trust your site enough to offer the pages you think are logical as results for the query.  I'd say G Bot isn't confident about your content, and is triggering an algo filter.  True, internal links may be causing the confusion, but I'd also suggest checking your external link profile to make sure relevant sites are leading G Bot back to your blog.

Sounds like you've got a php site that's dynamically creating pages.  You have to find the person who wrote the script and have them edit the template to add a canonical tag that inserts the correct url when the page is generated.  Your not going to be able to insert a static canonical tag.

I do think NoFollow is more pertinent for external sites linking to your site, and not so much inner site links used for navigation.  I'd be more concerned with the amount of keywords used in the metatags.

Thanks for the input SamuelScott.  Generally, I plan to keep the external links well under 100 per page, by breaking them into sub-categories.  I agree with your assessment that if it's good for the viewer, then it's good with Google because all they're suggestions on site design is geared towards the end user.

My main concern, as you've stated, is that by leading users off the site, would I not reduce the page rank, and ultimately ranking.  I appreciate that you seem to think, not.

Client is thinking of adding a directory to an eCommerce site which users would find useful.  It would help users find other services and vendors that are specific to the niche of products this site is selling.  My only concern is it would create a number of external links to other sites.  Even though they're related, would this diminish our standing with Google search?

Marketing and success are both in the url, so having a / or a - isn't going to be the final determinant on how you rank.  The thing I'd worry about is "marketing/success" implies marketing has greater importance than success, in the root scheme of things.

The 301 from the old domain is going to carry good and bad juice over to your new URL, consequently I think your doing the logical thing by trying to eliminate as many of the bad links as possible.  If you remove, the 301's, you'd be starting from scratch.  Since you've initiated 301's I'd hold your course, and start building new links to the current url.

If it's the category that the items on the page fall into, probably not.  If the inserted keyword leads back to a page outside of the category, it may be a little spammy.  From what I understand, breadcrumb produces codes based on where the viewers was on the site, so if the inserted code looks like all the other dynamically produced html, I don't know how G could distinguish that, other than it doesn't fit the content on the page.

You should try to mirror the 301's to the duplicates on the main site.  So in answer to your first question, the duplicate blog index page should go to main/blog, and everything else should go to the new location on the main site.  Anything without landing pages on the new site, should redirect to main/blog.

Sounds like you've got a php site that's dynamically creating pages.  You have to find the person who wrote the script and have them edit the template to add a canonical tag that inserts the correct url when the page is generated.  Your not going to be able to insert a static canonical tag.

Option 1 is a very good idea if you think these links will hurt you, Google wise.  Since you says these are all duplicate content, this is probably what you want to do, but first be sure you don't want the link or authority juice from the old blog.  If the blog gets more traffic, has more authority, etc...the decision gets tougher to make.

I do think NoFollow is more pertinent for external sites linking to your site, and not so much inner site links used for navigation.  I'd be more concerned with the amount of keywords used in the metatags.