Google should not be able to crawl that page as long as it is password protected.
However, Google already has it indexed and password protecting it may not induce Google to de-index the page.
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Google should not be able to crawl that page as long as it is password protected.
However, Google already has it indexed and password protecting it may not induce Google to de-index the page.
My reply was in reference to web directories, not link exchange directories. 
I do not recommend that you do link exchanges based just on PR. If you want to exchange links, find a few very high quality sites that you can exchange links with that will offer value to your users, not just search engines.
Ben, I would go ahead and change your setup. Having a large amount of duplicate content (that isn't really relevant) across your site certainly isn't going to help, and it could hurt you. I would link to a static page as you mentioned.
Some directory links can be helpful. Look for high quality directories that pass PageRank, with a strong editorial process, as well as directories relevant to your niche. Here is a good place to start: http://www.seomoz.org/directories
Jason,
I believe the greatest reason you are not ranking (even for company name + city) is lack of backlinks. I would definitely recommend working to build quality backlinks.
These resources will help you get started:
http://www.seomoz.org/beginners-guide-to-seo/growing-popularity-and-links
http://www.seomoz.org/blog/link-building-from-a-to-z
Also, I would consider removing the list of keywords at the bottom of the page - that could be viewed as keyword stuffing.
To increase your Domain Authority, you need to build/earn/attract quality backlinks from other websites.
These resources will help you get started:
http://www.seomoz.org/beginners-guide-to-seo/growing-popularity-and-links
Regarding putting your categories in the top navigation bar - I like that idea, but that's partly just my personal preference.
It seems to me from an SEO standpoint that you probably want to have individual pages for each size filter, so you can get ranked for size-specific keywords.
What could you do to provide useful content that is unique for each size? Like maybe list or show photos of popular models that require that size? Or indicate what type of model requires this size? Add interesting details such as air flow capacity?
mydomainname.com/muscle-cars/ and mydomainname.com/muscle-cars/muscle-car-restoration.html are two completely separate urls. I wouldn't worry about that. 
"If we no-follow the subnavs, will this not bring more juice to the main nav link?"
No, it will not. Google made this change awhile back - last year, I think.
"it only says "Golf Courses", does this not ruin any and ALL links on ANY other page that may say "Myrtle Beach Golf Courses" that point to that page"
OK, I understand now - you were asking regarding other links on the page, not the submenus per se! Hmmm, I do not know if nofollowing the link would fix that or not. Perhaps someone who has done a test in this area will chime in. 
The article I linked you to lists the most recommended link building methods. That's why I thought you might find it useful.
Can't find the reference now, but I'm 99% certain googlebot only crawls from US IP addresses.
I assume it is because of the math that is used to calculate Page Authority vs Domain Authority. Since both have a maximum score of 100, any given link has to count fewer points towards domain authority than it does towards page Authority, or your Domain Authority would be in the hundreds or thousands (since you have to combine links to all the pages to get domain authority).
"as you grow your page authority the domain authority increases as well?"
Yes, but probably not as much. If a link grows your page authority by one point, maybe it only grows your domain authority by 0.3 points.
Hope this makes sense and is helpful.
"Is it in our best interest to: A) Get rid of the subdivisions and consolidate them to one page? or B) Simply "NoFollow" the subdivisions within the Main Navigation?"
From my perspective, probably neither. I see possible user and SEO benefit, for example, to having separate pages for North Myrtle Beach Condos and Myrtle Beach Condos, etc. Nofollowing the links will not flow any more link juice to the other links, so would not be of any help.
If each link is linking to a different page with different anchor text, how does the "first link only" rule apply?
Shannon,
A couple thoughts:
Hope these help.
~Adam
If this is their main keyword, I would optimize their homepage for it in addition to keeping the subpage optimized for it. You might even get an indented listing (both pages ranked for the keyword).
Have you read this report? You may find it helpful: http://www.seomoz.org/article/search-ranking-factors#link-building
If the page has external links pointing to it, I use a 301 so as to not lose the link juice.
Yes, but that isn't the reason I gave. 
Matt Cutts said that Google does a pretty good job of recognizing error pages, even if they are 200's.
404 is the correct status to use for page not found, regardless of whether Google can guess whether a 200 page is an error page or not. Based on the fact that 404 is the correct status to use for page not found, I suggest using it rather than a 200 page.
404 is the correct status to return for page not found. Matt Cutts has indicated that Google does a pretty good job of guessing when a 200 page is an error page, but why not make it easy for Google? I always prefer to use 404 or 301 for pages that don't exist.
Just to be sure I understand - the url would be the same, but the content and price point would differ based on the user's IP address? I would not recommend that. For one thing, Google is only going to crawl and index one page at any given url. For another (as you mentioned) geo-targeting is not 100% accurate.
I would recommend two separate pages or sections of your site.