Welcome to the Q&A Forum

Hi Alick, I should explain that we're a landing page platform so the /clkn/ tracking links that are getting indexed are getting indexed on our customer domains, not ours. Therefore we'd have no access to Google Search Console to make any tweaks. i.e.  http://customerdomain.com/clkn/http/destination-url.com Secondly, this URL ^ does not contain any parameters, so the fix you mentioned above doesn't apply. Any other ideas?

So sorry Cody!! Sub-directories allow you to consolidate domain authority and often provide ease of maintenance. With the proper markup, you can create a clear signal to Google for the geotargeting.  I understand this isn't an option for you. With subdomains, you lose some of the shared domain authority that gives sub-directories their advantage, and generally have to maintain separate installs, etc..  You can specify a geo within search console, but it won't be as effective as a ccTLD. With ccTLDs, you can create a much quicker signal for geotargeting your traffic, but the domain authority for each site is generally wholly independent and will require more substantive effort to build the initial authority of each ccTLD, etc..  ccTLDs tend to earn better CTR from the SERPs in the geo, as they seem more likely to be relevant. In your case, I would go with the ccTLDs.. -Jake

+1 to what Gaston said! This is the perfect example of when to use hreflang. It doesn't matter if it's a blog post or a more important page on the site - if you have international versions, use hreflang. Cheers, David