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You don't need to add canonical on http server level due to you want to open your site only with https. You should write redirection rule as 301 for http to https. If redirection rule fail, your http server will showing only 404 page. So I don't think so you need to add canonical tag.

1. Should we add organization schema on all pages of the website OR just homepage?

2. What is the best practice for catalog page schema as every website is following a different pattern?

I think you should use range in title rather than exact number.

You need to do one thing with those 404 pages. Move them as 410 status code. Redirection is not good practice for the same.