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My agency's website is ranked #1 on Google for small business marketing in a major US city. We get a lot of search traffic, primarily on our home page and contact page. The home page features a couple paragraphs about our agency and a video. Of course there is some information in the footer. With that being said, our website and company has been very successful generating business without lengthy pages. Although I enjoy building long, informative home pages, I don't necessarily know that it guarantees better SEO results (as our company has been ranked #1 for a while with a very minimalistic setup). This is just my own personal opinion, but I think it is generally better to give the user important (quality) information up front and try to reel them in from there. If they want to browse around your site and learn more then you've done your job. If you're really good then maybe they skip straight to the contact page and shoot you an email or call you. I've ranked multiple websites #1 on Google for fairly competitive keywords in large cities. Very few of them were infinite scroll. With that being said I don't think there is anything wrong with that style of design (I make a lot of websites like that, too). I think you should do what ever you think is more visually appealing and works with your content. I think depending on the situation either could work well. Best of luck!

It doesn't necessary affect your rankings, but it could sometimes mess things up. I would suggest just ask your developer to include it for every page. If two pages have similar content, you may choose to use the same canonical, so that google would index only one of those two pages. hope this helps...

In my experience this is mostly the case, probably the same rate is around 4% and they just multiplied the number of visits from this size by 22 just to provide you with the numbers. It drives me crazy as well