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Hi Richard, Definitely, you shouldn't worry about spammy links. As you keep spotting them, throw that list into the disavow file. There are some comments from an authoritative person in the community: Marie Haynes. Disavowing in 2019 and beyond – the latest info on link auditing Hope it helps. Best luck. Gaston

New address is better than 302 or 301

Be aware that a ccTLD is meant for people in that country, it does not mean it is targeting all people who speak a language of the same name. Spanish is spoken in more countries than Spain, so if you wish to reach all Spanish speakers, I would recommend a .com site (which is country agnostic) and having English and Spanish language content there. If you wish to target Spain citizens, the .es domain is perfect. The way you have it set up above though, what will most likely happen (but this depends on your industry, competition, etc) is that the English language queries coming from Spain will see the .com version of your site as they should be searching in English. If someone in the US or Mexico is looking in Spainsh, they might not see the .es site as it is targeted to Spain, not Spanish. That doesn't mean they won't see it at all - if there isn't much competition they will see the .es if it is the best result for their search, but .es is meant to Spain based businesses and you can't change the country targeting on a ccTLD like .es You can try to help Google understand with HREFlang as Joe said, but do understand that you'll be sending mixed signals with a .es domain if you are trying to get Spanish speaking searchers from other countries. Hope that makes sense!

I don't understand what the problem is. You have a domain and a subdomain. Do you use href lang? If so, how do you use it? Also, do you rank with your main domain in czeck rankings? From what I understand you should rank with the subdomain, right? Or is it that you do not rank at all (no domain, no subdomain) in the czech language? I don't think that the solution is to delete your language specific subdomain. Why do you think they are considered duplicates? Is the language not different? There are multiple questions that can be asked before reaching your conclusion. This is my input here.

Both the hreflang looks correct if your site is targeting only : Spanish speaking users in Spain (hreflang="es-ES") English speaking users in Spain (hreflang="en-ES" If you are targeting English speaking users no matter the country, then you should use the hreflang="en" and not "en-ES".

Did you try to add a third hreflang annotation like this? You can assign more than 1 hreflang annotation to an Url. Maybe you could test this idea for a subfolder that you can easily track on Search Console.

Yes, I understand this. But if we are talking about a concrete example. The categories have been divided into 5. All of the listings belonging to a category have the category name in the url. Now testing it shows, that if the main keyword which you are trying to optimize the homepage for is not in any of the LISTING urls, the homepage does not rank with this keyword well. My question: If my homepage is optimized for **"Prague clubs" and I name one of the categories to something similar (Best Prague clubs etc) and include the "Prague clubs" in the urls of the listings, will this benefit homepage ranking for the keyword or not? ** It would look like this: homepage (optimized for prague clubs, showing latest listings ) - category 1 (best prague clubs www.example.com**/best-prague-clubs) Listing url (www.example.com/prague-clubs/listing-123) .** Will this benefit the ranking of the homepage or it will actually make it weaker? When we used URLs for listings like www.example.com/prague-club-listing-id it was easy to rank the homepage for the keyword. After moving to category URLS (/category-name/listing-id) homepage is not ranking (yet categories rank). My issue is that i optimized homepage for the main keyword, category keywords are a lot smaller volume ones.

Is your site appeared with brand name and domain name? If no then share your domain name or if yes, then update with unique keyword which don't have any other page.

I would try to optimize your homepage for your main keyword, but it is ok to also optimize the main keyword category page as well (maybe a good opportunity to use LSIs in Meta Title?). Your home page will generally get more initial inbound links if you are a local business or have your brand name mentioned a lot online. Best case scenario is both pages rank, which I have seen happen on occassion as well.