Canonical home page references - logo link
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should a website's logo be linked to the "abc.com/index.html" page or to the "abc.com" domain root? Is one better for the search engine robots?
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Such a great question!
I would suggest always having your logo nested within your root domain. Example: www.example.com/images/example-logo.jpg
Always embed the logo with a title and alt tag to help index and optimize it properly (without seeding keywords):

Some other things to consider with logo optimization:
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Logos with transparent areas can get tricky if you can only view them over colored backgrounds. Google has been known to decline use of white/transparent images in their Knowledge Graphs (because their background is white, rendering the logo pretty invisible). If this is the case, be sure to have alternative logos with a colored background that you can also use for social logos.
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Similar to a consistent "NAP", it's helpful to have consistent logos across all platforms
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I would personally link your logo to the canonical version of your homepage (which would commonly be abc.com) As you want to pass as much "juice" directly to the canonical version of the homepage.
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Ahh thanks for jumping in Thomas! Yes, always link your logo to the canonical homepage.
Thought Michael was asking about where the photo should live on a site.

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Not a problem Britney!
Probably not the right place to ask the question, but it's related to what you posted, have you got a source for the below? I would love some more information on it.
- Logos with transparent areas can get tricky if you can only view them over colored backgrounds. Google has been known to decline use of white/transparent images in their Knowledge Graphs (because their background is white, rendering the logo pretty invisible). If this is the case, be sure to have alternative logos with a colored background that you can also use for social logos.
Thanks,
Tom
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No worries, read it a while back here on Search Engine Land. I haven't encountered the transparent logo problem before but have several industry friends that experienced this issue.
Cheers,
B