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This action is pretty much possible as Google can pick the most relevant description or title for your page if your given description or title is week against the key phrase. I have the similar kind of thing on my website where I witness a different title tag upon keyword and different with the brand name. This is common... if you want Google to stop it you should try concrete and more powerful descriptions.

Hi Dana, Thanks so much for the helpful response! Mine was a travel site and sometime posts have to be really long title tags which is inevitable. What i am curious about is that the main pages with the highest page authority, all their title tags are in fact not updated by google! or rather google chose to do otherwise at its own smart interpretation.. those title tags are well within the 70 /58 characters...and with very short meta description.

1. No, it doesn't affect your SERP. For some mobile browsers, Google will display a small phone icon near your webiste in the search results, to notify the users that your website is mobile-friendly. 2. There is no way, other than submitting maybe your website to mobile directories or resource websites.