Googlebot HTTP 204 Status Code Handling?
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If a user runs a search that returns no results, and the server returns a 204 (No Content), will Googlebot treat that as the rough equivalent of a 404 or a noindex? If not, then it seems one would want to noindex the page to avoid low quality penalties, but that might require more back and forth with the server, which isn't ideal.
Kurus
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I believe Google handles 204 codes the same as 200. They index a page with basically no content. Unless someone links to a 204 page however, Google will never see one by your example. Google is not out and about running searches on websites to see what comes up to find more content to index. If someone were to search on your site and get a 204, then link to it, then yeah, Google could crawl and index it. In that case though you might see it in your webmaster tools under crawl errors. Then you could noindex it or block it with robots.txt or something else.
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Thanks for your input.